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<p>The present study was carried out to optimize the in vitro propagation protocol for the endemic and endangered fern <i>Polystichum palniense</i> using in vitro spore culture and reveal the bioactive compounds of gametophyte and sporophyte extracts of <i>P. palniense</i> using GC–MS analysis. The in vitro propagation results showed the ontogeny namely, filamentous, protonema, cordate prothallus with sex organ and sporophyte. Spore germination was observed on the 36th day. On the 39th day the filamentous stage was formed and 45th day the protonema stage was recorded. The cordate-shaped gametophyte was observed on the 52nd day after the inoculation. The antheridia and archegonia were observed on the 73rd day. On the 98th the sporophyte proliferation was obtained. In GC–MS analysis a total of 328 compounds were predicted, of which 13 plant derived compounds were identified in the gametophyte and 11 in the sporophytic extracts. Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) prediction analysis displayed various biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-cancer properties for the gametophyte and sporophyte extract of <i>P. palniense</i>.</p>

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In vitro ontogeny and chemical constituents of Polystichum palniense gametophyte and sporophyte ethanolic extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Silvia Juliet I,
  • Johnson M,
  • Henrique D. M. Coutinho

摘要

The present study was carried out to optimize the in vitro propagation protocol for the endemic and endangered fern Polystichum palniense using in vitro spore culture and reveal the bioactive compounds of gametophyte and sporophyte extracts of P. palniense using GC–MS analysis. The in vitro propagation results showed the ontogeny namely, filamentous, protonema, cordate prothallus with sex organ and sporophyte. Spore germination was observed on the 36th day. On the 39th day the filamentous stage was formed and 45th day the protonema stage was recorded. The cordate-shaped gametophyte was observed on the 52nd day after the inoculation. The antheridia and archegonia were observed on the 73rd day. On the 98th the sporophyte proliferation was obtained. In GC–MS analysis a total of 328 compounds were predicted, of which 13 plant derived compounds were identified in the gametophyte and 11 in the sporophytic extracts. Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) prediction analysis displayed various biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-cancer properties for the gametophyte and sporophyte extract of P. palniense.