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<p>This study examines in detail morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, molecular, and phytochemical features of endemic <i>Bupleurum anatolicum</i> and <i>Bupleurum euboeum</i>, of six different Turkish populations. The morphological characters were quantitatively measured and compared with Flora of Turkey, and anatomical root, stem, and leaf features were examined by light microscopy. Pollen and fruit surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where critical micromorphological differences were noticed: <i>B. anatolicum</i> pollen was perprolate (P/E = 2.18 µm) with psilate ornamentation, whereas <i>B. euboeum</i> pollen was prolate (P/E = 1.45 µm) with identical surface texture. Essential oils, collected by microdistillation and GC/MS-analyzed, separated undecane (42.8%) and heptanal (32.8%) as principal components in <i>B. euboeum</i>, and tridecane (42.8%) and α-pinene (11.6%) in <i>B. anatolicum</i>. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS1-ITS4 sequences (Maximum Likelihood tree, based on the Tamura-Nei model) <i>B. anatolicum</i> and <i>B. euboeum</i> formed a distinct, well-supported clade that diverged basally from all other <i>Bupleurum</i> species included in the analysis. This first comprehensive study of these species integrates anatomical, palynological, molecular, and phytochemical data to resolve taxonomic uncertainties while highlighting the genus' evolutionary complexity.</p>

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Taxonomical and phytochemical characteristics of endemic Bupleurum anatolicum and Bupleurum euboeum (Apiaceae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Nurcin Altınel,
  • Yavuz Bulent Kose

摘要

This study examines in detail morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, molecular, and phytochemical features of endemic Bupleurum anatolicum and Bupleurum euboeum, of six different Turkish populations. The morphological characters were quantitatively measured and compared with Flora of Turkey, and anatomical root, stem, and leaf features were examined by light microscopy. Pollen and fruit surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where critical micromorphological differences were noticed: B. anatolicum pollen was perprolate (P/E = 2.18 µm) with psilate ornamentation, whereas B. euboeum pollen was prolate (P/E = 1.45 µm) with identical surface texture. Essential oils, collected by microdistillation and GC/MS-analyzed, separated undecane (42.8%) and heptanal (32.8%) as principal components in B. euboeum, and tridecane (42.8%) and α-pinene (11.6%) in B. anatolicum. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS1-ITS4 sequences (Maximum Likelihood tree, based on the Tamura-Nei model) B. anatolicum and B. euboeum formed a distinct, well-supported clade that diverged basally from all other Bupleurum species included in the analysis. This first comprehensive study of these species integrates anatomical, palynological, molecular, and phytochemical data to resolve taxonomic uncertainties while highlighting the genus' evolutionary complexity.