<p>Modified atmosphere and ozone treatment, as green and environmentally friendly means of pest control in grain storage, show significant industrialization potential in replacing traditional chemical fumigants. In this paper, we systematically explored the mechanism of nitrogen-modified atmosphere, carbon dioxide-modified atmosphere, and ozone treatment, as well as their effects on the control of stored grain pests, and deeply analyzed the application status, key influencing factors, and technical limitations of each technology. It shows that gas concentration, environmental temperature, exposure time, pest species, and their stages are the common factors affecting the effectiveness of the three technologies. Based on the existing research foundation, this paper proposes an innovative idea to build an intelligent modified atmosphere pest elimination system, focusing on the establishment of an accurate heat and mass transfer model for grain piles, the development of specialized sensors, and the realization of intelligent control of the modified atmosphere system. These green pest control technologies show significant advantages in the application of large-scale grain storage, which not only can effectively guarantee the quality and safety of grain storage but also have the potential to replace chemical fumigants such as phosphine. Through the construction of intelligent modified atmosphere pest control system, it is expected to realize the green and intelligent upgrade of pest control technology in large-scale grain storage, and provide sustainable technical support for modern grain storage.</p>