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<p>Chemical fertilizers are essential inputs for agricultural production. Using the correct amounts at the right times improves crop yields and, consequently, farm income. The self-sufficiency rate for nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers averaged about 101.47% and 138%, respectively, from 2008 to 2023. For wheat, nitrogen units reached approximately 85.76 effective units per Feddan (about 0.42 hectares), with a productivity of 0.21 ardebs (1 ardeb of wheat ≈ 150 kg) and a net revenue of roughly 412.66 EGP per nitrogen unit. Similarly, phosphorus units averaged 46.50 effective units per Feddan, producing 0.39 ardebs per unit and generating 772.72 EGP per unit. For cotton, nitrogen units averaged around 79.56 effective units per Feddan, with a productivity of 0.10 quintals (1 quintal ≈ 157.5 kg for seed cotton) per unit and a net revenue of 909.96 EGP per unit. Phosphorus units reached about 52.31 effective units per Feddan, with a productivity of 0.13 quintals per unit and a net revenue of 1390.15 EGP per unit. The production elasticity of these fertilizer units in wheat was 0.963, indicating decreasing returns to scale. For cotton, the total production elasticity was approximately 0.887, also showing reduced returns to scale. The study recommends policies to boost domestic fertilizer production, especially nitrogen fertilizer lines, ensure timely distribution to farmers in sufficient quantities and at appropriate times—particularly during summer—and promote the combined use of organic fertilizers alongside price controls.</p>

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Economic efficiency of chemical fertilizer use in wheat and cotton production: A case study of fayoum governorate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Alaa Ahmed Ahmed Kotb,
  • Mona Shehata Elsayed Abdel Gawad,
  • Hussein Qurany Sayed Said,
  • Jawad Alhashim

摘要

Chemical fertilizers are essential inputs for agricultural production. Using the correct amounts at the right times improves crop yields and, consequently, farm income. The self-sufficiency rate for nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers averaged about 101.47% and 138%, respectively, from 2008 to 2023. For wheat, nitrogen units reached approximately 85.76 effective units per Feddan (about 0.42 hectares), with a productivity of 0.21 ardebs (1 ardeb of wheat ≈ 150 kg) and a net revenue of roughly 412.66 EGP per nitrogen unit. Similarly, phosphorus units averaged 46.50 effective units per Feddan, producing 0.39 ardebs per unit and generating 772.72 EGP per unit. For cotton, nitrogen units averaged around 79.56 effective units per Feddan, with a productivity of 0.10 quintals (1 quintal ≈ 157.5 kg for seed cotton) per unit and a net revenue of 909.96 EGP per unit. Phosphorus units reached about 52.31 effective units per Feddan, with a productivity of 0.13 quintals per unit and a net revenue of 1390.15 EGP per unit. The production elasticity of these fertilizer units in wheat was 0.963, indicating decreasing returns to scale. For cotton, the total production elasticity was approximately 0.887, also showing reduced returns to scale. The study recommends policies to boost domestic fertilizer production, especially nitrogen fertilizer lines, ensure timely distribution to farmers in sufficient quantities and at appropriate times—particularly during summer—and promote the combined use of organic fertilizers alongside price controls.