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<p>This study comparatively investigates the effects of graphite and titanium electrodes on process performance, energy consumption, and product quality in the electrolysis-based production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). To optimize the production parameters, a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were systematically employed. The results demonstrated that while graphite electrodes operate effectively at lower voltages (approximately 20&#xa0;V), titanium electrodes require higher voltage levels (60&#xa0;V) to achieve significant conversion. Under optimized conditions, titanium electrodes achieved a remarkably high biodiesel conversion yield of 93.00% with a specific energy consumption (SEC) of approximately 1.19 kWh/kg, whereas graphite electrodes yielded 83.45% with a significantly lower SEC of 0.25 kWh/kg. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that the KOH catalyst concentration was not a statistically significant factor within the narrow range tested (0.5-1.0 wt%), suggesting that electrolysis operates through a different catalytic mechanism involving in-situ ion generation. Fuel property characterizations, including GC-MS analysis and cold-flow properties (CFPP of -26.86&#xa0;C for graphite and − 23.67&#xa0;C for titanium), confirmed that biodiesels produced with both electrode types show a close alignment with EN 14,214 standards. This research highlights that electrode material selection is a decisive factor influencing not only the conversion efficiency and energy intensity but also the molecular-level characteristics of the resulting fuel.</p>

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Comparative study of graphite and titanium electrodes for electrochemical biodiesel production

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Hüseyin Söyler,
  • Tuğrul Yumak,
  • Mustafa Kemal Balki

摘要

This study comparatively investigates the effects of graphite and titanium electrodes on process performance, energy consumption, and product quality in the electrolysis-based production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). To optimize the production parameters, a Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were systematically employed. The results demonstrated that while graphite electrodes operate effectively at lower voltages (approximately 20 V), titanium electrodes require higher voltage levels (60 V) to achieve significant conversion. Under optimized conditions, titanium electrodes achieved a remarkably high biodiesel conversion yield of 93.00% with a specific energy consumption (SEC) of approximately 1.19 kWh/kg, whereas graphite electrodes yielded 83.45% with a significantly lower SEC of 0.25 kWh/kg. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that the KOH catalyst concentration was not a statistically significant factor within the narrow range tested (0.5-1.0 wt%), suggesting that electrolysis operates through a different catalytic mechanism involving in-situ ion generation. Fuel property characterizations, including GC-MS analysis and cold-flow properties (CFPP of -26.86 C for graphite and − 23.67 C for titanium), confirmed that biodiesels produced with both electrode types show a close alignment with EN 14,214 standards. This research highlights that electrode material selection is a decisive factor influencing not only the conversion efficiency and energy intensity but also the molecular-level characteristics of the resulting fuel.