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<p>Network interconnection critically impacts the performance of data centers (DCs) and high-performance computing (HPC) systems, with scalability becoming vital as computing demands grow. This necessitates interconnection architectures that meet stringent latency, bandwidth, cost, and power consumption requirements. Optical interconnections provide cost-efficiency, reduced power consumption, and scalability to fulfill bandwidth needs. However, optical switches lack optical buffers, complicating the operation of all optical networks. To this end, we propose <i>HiveNet</i>, a novel hybrid interconnect architecture based on dual-port nodes and arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs). <i>HiveNet</i> integrates low-radix electrical switches at lower layers to reduce cable complexity and construction costs, while AWGR-based optical connections at upper layers ensure fast switching and high bandwidth. The dual-port capability enables robust fault tolerance and supports all communication types (node-switch and node-node). Furthermore, a customized routing algorithm significantly enhances performance. Simulations conducted under various traffic patterns demonstrate that <i>HiveNet</i> achieves controlled delay and superior aggregate throughput. For large-scale networks (with 104,976 nodes at 10 Gb/s), <i>HiveNet</i> reduces construction costs by 49.3%, 26.4%, 32.7%, 54.1%, and 59.3% compared to <i>Fat</i>-<i>Tree</i>, <i>H</i>-<i>LION</i>, <i>Leaf</i>-<i>Spine</i>, <i>BCube</i>, and <i>Lotus</i>, respectively. Additionally, <i>HiveNet</i> decreases power consumption by 34.8%, 48.2%, 29.8%, and 23.1% compared to <i>Fat</i>-<i>Tree</i>, <i>BCube</i>, <i>Leaf</i>-<i>Spine</i>, and <i>Lotus</i>, respectively.</p>

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HiveNet: a high-performance, hybrid, and cost-effective architecture for data center networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Moeen AL-Makhlafi,
  • Mutasem K. Alsmadi,
  • Eiad Almekhlafi,
  • Ahmad AL Smadi,
  • Abdulrahman A. ALKannad,
  • Fuhui Wu

摘要

Network interconnection critically impacts the performance of data centers (DCs) and high-performance computing (HPC) systems, with scalability becoming vital as computing demands grow. This necessitates interconnection architectures that meet stringent latency, bandwidth, cost, and power consumption requirements. Optical interconnections provide cost-efficiency, reduced power consumption, and scalability to fulfill bandwidth needs. However, optical switches lack optical buffers, complicating the operation of all optical networks. To this end, we propose HiveNet, a novel hybrid interconnect architecture based on dual-port nodes and arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs). HiveNet integrates low-radix electrical switches at lower layers to reduce cable complexity and construction costs, while AWGR-based optical connections at upper layers ensure fast switching and high bandwidth. The dual-port capability enables robust fault tolerance and supports all communication types (node-switch and node-node). Furthermore, a customized routing algorithm significantly enhances performance. Simulations conducted under various traffic patterns demonstrate that HiveNet achieves controlled delay and superior aggregate throughput. For large-scale networks (with 104,976 nodes at 10 Gb/s), HiveNet reduces construction costs by 49.3%, 26.4%, 32.7%, 54.1%, and 59.3% compared to Fat-Tree, H-LION, Leaf-Spine, BCube, and Lotus, respectively. Additionally, HiveNet decreases power consumption by 34.8%, 48.2%, 29.8%, and 23.1% compared to Fat-Tree, BCube, Leaf-Spine, and Lotus, respectively.