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<p>A novel heterogenous recoverable nanocatalyst, Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs–Melamine/TCT–CuI, has been successfully synthesized and applied for the efficient preparation of triarylpyridines and triaryltriazines. The catalyst integrates the high surface area and electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the magnetic separability of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the strong metal-chelating ability of a nitrogen-rich melamine–triazine framework, and the catalytic efficiency of copper(I) iodide. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, TGA, ICP-OES, and VSM analyses confirmed the successful fabrication, structural integrity, and superparamagnetic behavior of the nanocatalyst. The developed catalytic system efficiently promoted one-pot multicomponent reactions under green and sustainable conditions, employing water as an eco-friendly solvent. A broad range of substrates afforded the corresponding heterocycles in excellent yields (up to 99%) with short reaction times. The catalyst demonstrated high stability, minimal metal leaching, and excellent recyclability, while maintaining consistent activity over multiple cycles. The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the magnetic carbon nanotube support and the nitrogen-rich ligand framework, which ensures efficient dispersion and stabilization of active Cu(I) centers. This environmentally benign and cost-effective protocol provides a versatile and sustainable approach for synthesizing valuable nitrogen-containing heterocycles with significant pharmaceutical and materials applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs–Melamine/TCT–CuI: an advanced heterogeneous catalyst for sustainable synthesis of highly substituted pyridines and triazines

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Ghada Al-Assi,
  • Rasha Eldalawy,
  • Amaal Mohammed Ali,
  • Maharshikumar B. Shukla,
  • M. M. Rekha,
  • Y. Sasikumar,
  • Lalita Chopra,
  • Ahmed Aldulaimi,
  • Reza Mohammadi

摘要

A novel heterogenous recoverable nanocatalyst, Fe₃O₄/MWCNTs–Melamine/TCT–CuI, has been successfully synthesized and applied for the efficient preparation of triarylpyridines and triaryltriazines. The catalyst integrates the high surface area and electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the magnetic separability of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the strong metal-chelating ability of a nitrogen-rich melamine–triazine framework, and the catalytic efficiency of copper(I) iodide. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, TGA, ICP-OES, and VSM analyses confirmed the successful fabrication, structural integrity, and superparamagnetic behavior of the nanocatalyst. The developed catalytic system efficiently promoted one-pot multicomponent reactions under green and sustainable conditions, employing water as an eco-friendly solvent. A broad range of substrates afforded the corresponding heterocycles in excellent yields (up to 99%) with short reaction times. The catalyst demonstrated high stability, minimal metal leaching, and excellent recyclability, while maintaining consistent activity over multiple cycles. The superior performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the magnetic carbon nanotube support and the nitrogen-rich ligand framework, which ensures efficient dispersion and stabilization of active Cu(I) centers. This environmentally benign and cost-effective protocol provides a versatile and sustainable approach for synthesizing valuable nitrogen-containing heterocycles with significant pharmaceutical and materials applications.

Graphical Abstract