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Background <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the pattern and determinants of CVD risk in these settings is essential to improving diabetes care and reducing CVD-related morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the patterns and determinants of CVD risk among T2DM patients receiving specialized diabetes care in Nigeria, with the aim of informing effective risk evaluation and management.</p> Method <p>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 randomly selected T2DM patients. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected using structured research proforma. A 10-year CVD risk was assessed using updated World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory-based CVD risk assessment chart. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Chi-square, independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare variables across risk groups where applicable, while binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant determinants of CVD risk.</p> Result <p>Among the study participants, 57.3% (<i>n</i> = 86) had low CVD risk (&lt; 10%), while 42.7% (<i>n</i> = 64) had elevated risk (≥ 10%). Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15–1.39; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the presence of co-morbid hypertension (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 1.81–12.19; <i>p</i> = 0.002) were the significant determinants of CVD risk status in the study population.</p> Conclusion <p>There is a high burden of moderate-to-high CVD risk in the study population, with longer diabetes duration and co-morbid hypertension identified as key determinants. These findings highlight persistent cardiovascular risk despite specialized diabetes care, reinforcing the need for more comprehensive and sustained management strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>

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Patterns and determinants of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from a tertiary care centre in Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Jamila Aminu Mohammed,
  • Bruno Basil,
  • Izuchukwu Nnachi Mba,
  • Blessing Kenechi Myke-Mbata,
  • Ngozi Ijeoma Okoro

摘要

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the pattern and determinants of CVD risk in these settings is essential to improving diabetes care and reducing CVD-related morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the patterns and determinants of CVD risk among T2DM patients receiving specialized diabetes care in Nigeria, with the aim of informing effective risk evaluation and management.

Method

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 randomly selected T2DM patients. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected using structured research proforma. A 10-year CVD risk was assessed using updated World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory-based CVD risk assessment chart. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Chi-square, independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare variables across risk groups where applicable, while binary logistic regression was employed to identify significant determinants of CVD risk.

Result

Among the study participants, 57.3% (n = 86) had low CVD risk (< 10%), while 42.7% (n = 64) had elevated risk (≥ 10%). Longer duration of diabetes (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15–1.39; p < 0.001) and the presence of co-morbid hypertension (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI: 1.81–12.19; p = 0.002) were the significant determinants of CVD risk status in the study population.

Conclusion

There is a high burden of moderate-to-high CVD risk in the study population, with longer diabetes duration and co-morbid hypertension identified as key determinants. These findings highlight persistent cardiovascular risk despite specialized diabetes care, reinforcing the need for more comprehensive and sustained management strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.