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Background <p>Disease control is a multifactorial health concern, especially in patients with chronic diseases. Factors like health literacy, medication adherence, disease knowledge and attitude could influence disease control among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension. It is important to evaluate such factors and find out the impact on disease control.</p> Methods <p>A clinical trial involving pre- and post-interventional study was conducted among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in selected community pharmacies. Following the baseline assessment of patients’ fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), an educational intervention was conducted, followed by a three-month post-intervention assessment were conducted. In addition to educational material provided, each patient was counselled on self-care techniques (such as self-monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure, foot care), disease knowledge and attitude, medication adherence and lifestyle changes (diet and exercise). Follow-up was done with online communication (phone calls, text messages, and WhatsApp messages, with each patient contacted at least six times within three months) to emphasize positive adherence behaviors and address any question the patients raised, to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The significance level was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. The primary outcome was improvement in disease control among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension following a pharmacist-led educational intervention.</p> Results <p>Post-intervention, significant reductions were observed in SBP (145.43 ± 80.23 to 128.77 ± 12.72 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.001), DBP (89.82 ± 38.32 to 81.44 ± 8.20 mmHg, <i>p</i> = 0.001), FBG (110.89 ± 42.39 to 94.51 ± 9.95&#xa0;mg/dL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The proportion of patients achieving blood pressure control increased from 53.1 to 86.3% (SBP) and 56.0–85.9% (DBP), while glycemic control improved from 85.1 to 100%. Medication adherence significantly increased (high adherence: 43.2–65.6%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), alongside improvements in diabetes and hypertension knowledge and attitude scores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Educational intervention offered improved disease control among patients. Disease control was influenced by patients’ diabetes-related attitude, hypertension knowledge, hypertension-related attitude, medication adherence, and age.</p>

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Impact of disease knowledge, attitude, health literacy and medication adherence on disease control in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension: an interventional study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Akinniyi Akinniyi Aje,
  • Modupe Olubukola Aroyewun

摘要

Background

Disease control is a multifactorial health concern, especially in patients with chronic diseases. Factors like health literacy, medication adherence, disease knowledge and attitude could influence disease control among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension. It is important to evaluate such factors and find out the impact on disease control.

Methods

A clinical trial involving pre- and post-interventional study was conducted among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in selected community pharmacies. Following the baseline assessment of patients’ fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic and systolic blood pressure (DBP and SBP), an educational intervention was conducted, followed by a three-month post-intervention assessment were conducted. In addition to educational material provided, each patient was counselled on self-care techniques (such as self-monitoring of blood glucose and blood pressure, foot care), disease knowledge and attitude, medication adherence and lifestyle changes (diet and exercise). Follow-up was done with online communication (phone calls, text messages, and WhatsApp messages, with each patient contacted at least six times within three months) to emphasize positive adherence behaviors and address any question the patients raised, to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. Data was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The primary outcome was improvement in disease control among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension following a pharmacist-led educational intervention.

Results

Post-intervention, significant reductions were observed in SBP (145.43 ± 80.23 to 128.77 ± 12.72 mmHg, p = 0.001), DBP (89.82 ± 38.32 to 81.44 ± 8.20 mmHg, p = 0.001), FBG (110.89 ± 42.39 to 94.51 ± 9.95 mg/dL, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients achieving blood pressure control increased from 53.1 to 86.3% (SBP) and 56.0–85.9% (DBP), while glycemic control improved from 85.1 to 100%. Medication adherence significantly increased (high adherence: 43.2–65.6%, p < 0.001), alongside improvements in diabetes and hypertension knowledge and attitude scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Educational intervention offered improved disease control among patients. Disease control was influenced by patients’ diabetes-related attitude, hypertension knowledge, hypertension-related attitude, medication adherence, and age.