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Background <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant and escalating global health burden, with a strong association with long-term complications, including cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. Optimal management strategies aim not only to achieve glycemic control but also to mitigate these complications. Liraglutide, a Glucagon1 Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to provide multifaceted benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk. This study evaluates the real-world effectiveness of liraglutide, alone and in combination with Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and Sodium Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors, in managing T2DM.</p> Objective <p>To assess the impact of liraglutide, both as monotherapy and in combination with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors, on glycemic control, weight management, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a real-world cohort of patients with T2DM.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective analysis was performed on 313 adult T2DM patients who received liraglutide for a minimum of 6&#xa0;months. Clinical data collected included Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), weight, Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and renal function markers e.g. eGFR and creatinine. Subgroup analyses examined the effects of liraglutide in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes were projected using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) model. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to assess statistical significance in pre- and post-treatment changes.</p> Results <p>Patients demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c (−&#xa0;1.1%; from 8.9% to 7.8%, p &lt; 0.01), BMI (−&#xa0;1.6&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>, p = 0.03), and weight (−&#xa0;3.3&#xa0;kg, p &lt; 0.05). Liraglutide combined with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors yielded further improvements in glycemic control and weight reduction. The UKPDS model projected a 9.8% reduction in the 5-year risk of myocardial infarction and a 12.1% reduction in heart failure incidence among patients receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors. Additionally, the model predicted a 6.5% reduction in the risk of nephropathy progression, highlighting the combined therapy’s protective effects against diabetes-related complications.</p> Conclusion <p>Liraglutide, especially when used in combination with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors, significantly improves glycemic control and promotes weight reduction in patients with T2DM. UKPDS projections further suggest that this combination therapy substantially reduces the long-term risks of cardiovascular events and nephropathy, underscoring its potential as a comprehensive therapeutic approach in T2DM management.</p>

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Real-world evaluation of cardiometabolic outcomes with liraglutide and adjunctive therapies in type 2 diabetes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Saleem Qureshi,
  • Hamna Ahmed,
  • Mussarat Iqbal,
  • Nighat Batool,
  • Samina Yaseen,
  • Muhammad Daoud Butt

摘要

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant and escalating global health burden, with a strong association with long-term complications, including cardiovascular disease and nephropathy. Optimal management strategies aim not only to achieve glycemic control but also to mitigate these complications. Liraglutide, a Glucagon1 Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to provide multifaceted benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk. This study evaluates the real-world effectiveness of liraglutide, alone and in combination with Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and Sodium Glucose Linked Transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors, in managing T2DM.

Objective

To assess the impact of liraglutide, both as monotherapy and in combination with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors, on glycemic control, weight management, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in a real-world cohort of patients with T2DM.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 313 adult T2DM patients who received liraglutide for a minimum of 6 months. Clinical data collected included Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), weight, Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and renal function markers e.g. eGFR and creatinine. Subgroup analyses examined the effects of liraglutide in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes were projected using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) model. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to assess statistical significance in pre- and post-treatment changes.

Results

Patients demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c (− 1.1%; from 8.9% to 7.8%, p < 0.01), BMI (− 1.6 kg/m2, p = 0.03), and weight (− 3.3 kg, p < 0.05). Liraglutide combined with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors yielded further improvements in glycemic control and weight reduction. The UKPDS model projected a 9.8% reduction in the 5-year risk of myocardial infarction and a 12.1% reduction in heart failure incidence among patients receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors. Additionally, the model predicted a 6.5% reduction in the risk of nephropathy progression, highlighting the combined therapy’s protective effects against diabetes-related complications.

Conclusion

Liraglutide, especially when used in combination with DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors, significantly improves glycemic control and promotes weight reduction in patients with T2DM. UKPDS projections further suggest that this combination therapy substantially reduces the long-term risks of cardiovascular events and nephropathy, underscoring its potential as a comprehensive therapeutic approach in T2DM management.