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<p>Production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is an energy-intensive process and a major source of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. The study examines the partial replacement of OPC with industrial and agricultural by-products- Silica Fume (SF), mustard husk ash (MHA), and gypsum (GS)-to evaluate their combined effects on selected chemical and mechanical properties. The results indicated that the inclusion of 3% GS effectively controlled the rapid setting time due to MHA. Optimal blend OPC12MHA10SF3GS (12% MHA, 10% SF, 3% GS) performed 30% more compressive strength (52&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>) compared to control OPC (40&#xa0;N/mm<sup>2</sup>) 28 days after hydration. The strength development is associated with reduced free Ca²⁺ ion concentration and a denser microstructure observed in SEM analysis. The findings indicate that MHA and SF can be utilized as supplementary cementitious materials to reduce OPC content while maintaining mechanical performance.</p>

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Chemical and mechanical performance of OPC blended with mustard husk ash, gypsum, and silica fume

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Raushan Kumar,
  • Kanhaya Lal,
  • Sachin Varma,
  • Shivani Pandey,
  • Sunanda Das,
  • Anil Kumar Shukla

摘要

Production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is an energy-intensive process and a major source of CO2 emissions. The study examines the partial replacement of OPC with industrial and agricultural by-products- Silica Fume (SF), mustard husk ash (MHA), and gypsum (GS)-to evaluate their combined effects on selected chemical and mechanical properties. The results indicated that the inclusion of 3% GS effectively controlled the rapid setting time due to MHA. Optimal blend OPC12MHA10SF3GS (12% MHA, 10% SF, 3% GS) performed 30% more compressive strength (52 N/mm2) compared to control OPC (40 N/mm2) 28 days after hydration. The strength development is associated with reduced free Ca²⁺ ion concentration and a denser microstructure observed in SEM analysis. The findings indicate that MHA and SF can be utilized as supplementary cementitious materials to reduce OPC content while maintaining mechanical performance.