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<p>Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, adaptable, and easily available, but their increasing waste generation poses serious environmental challenges. Similarly, sewage sludge ash (SSA), a byproduct of wastewater treatment, presents disposal challenges due to its high heavy metal content. This study explores the combined use of recycled plastic as a partial fine aggregate replacement and sewage sludge ash with silica fume as cement substitutes in concrete with the aim of enhancing sustainability while maintaining performance. Eight mixes were prepared and tested for mechanical, durability, and environmental properties. Results showed that the control mix achieved the highest slump, while the mix with 10% SF and 5% SSA (Mix 3) recorded the best performance with compressive strength and splitting tensile strength increasing by 18% &amp; 6% respectively, compared to the control after 28 days. The same mix also reduced water absorption by 33% and demonstrated superior resistance to acid attack. Environmental evaluation indicated a 13–14% reduction in embodied carbon emissions when silica fume, sewage sludge ash, and recycled plastic were incorporated. These findings not only highlight the technical feasibility of using waste-derived materials but also their practical benefits: lowering construction costs through waste valorization, reducing environmental impact, and producing lightweight concrete suitable for non-structural applications such as pavements, road medians, and partition blocks. This approach supports sustainable construction practices by conserving natural resources and minimising waste disposal challenges.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of industrial byproducts in concrete: synergistic effects of sewage sludge ash and silica fume with recycled plastic fine aggregates

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Babatunde Olufunso Oluwole,
  • Ömer Damdelen,
  • Stephen Babajide Olabimtan

摘要

Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, adaptable, and easily available, but their increasing waste generation poses serious environmental challenges. Similarly, sewage sludge ash (SSA), a byproduct of wastewater treatment, presents disposal challenges due to its high heavy metal content. This study explores the combined use of recycled plastic as a partial fine aggregate replacement and sewage sludge ash with silica fume as cement substitutes in concrete with the aim of enhancing sustainability while maintaining performance. Eight mixes were prepared and tested for mechanical, durability, and environmental properties. Results showed that the control mix achieved the highest slump, while the mix with 10% SF and 5% SSA (Mix 3) recorded the best performance with compressive strength and splitting tensile strength increasing by 18% & 6% respectively, compared to the control after 28 days. The same mix also reduced water absorption by 33% and demonstrated superior resistance to acid attack. Environmental evaluation indicated a 13–14% reduction in embodied carbon emissions when silica fume, sewage sludge ash, and recycled plastic were incorporated. These findings not only highlight the technical feasibility of using waste-derived materials but also their practical benefits: lowering construction costs through waste valorization, reducing environmental impact, and producing lightweight concrete suitable for non-structural applications such as pavements, road medians, and partition blocks. This approach supports sustainable construction practices by conserving natural resources and minimising waste disposal challenges.

Graphical Abstract