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<p>This study explores the potential of montmorillonite (MT) nanoclay to improve the physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of rubberized concrete. The inclusion of recycled crumb rubber (CR) as a partial fine aggregate replacement supports environmental sustainability but often compromises strength and durability due to weak interfacial bonding with the cementitious matrix. To address this limitation, MT nanoclay was used as a partial cement replacement at levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, while CR was incorporated at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume of fine aggregate. Concrete specimens were evaluated for workability, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Durability performance was assessed under acid attack, chloride penetration, and elevated temperature conditions. Non-destructive tests such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer were conducted to determine structural integrity. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate matrix densification, pore refinement, and hydration behavior. The results demonstrated that the addition of MT nanoclay significantly enhanced the mechanical performance and durability of rubberized concrete. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial bonding and increased calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel formation, contributing to reduced porosity and better internal structure. Enhanced non-destructive test values further confirmed the improved quality of the concrete matrix. Overall, the use of MT nanoclay proved effective in offsetting the drawbacks of rubber incorporation, offering a viable and sustainable solution for producing high-performance concrete suitable for environmentally conscious construction applications.</p>

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Synergistic effects of montmorillonite and rubber aggregates on concrete properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Akshit Kaundal,
  • Gyanendra Kumar Chaturvedy,
  • Umesh Kumar Pandey

摘要

This study explores the potential of montmorillonite (MT) nanoclay to improve the physical, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of rubberized concrete. The inclusion of recycled crumb rubber (CR) as a partial fine aggregate replacement supports environmental sustainability but often compromises strength and durability due to weak interfacial bonding with the cementitious matrix. To address this limitation, MT nanoclay was used as a partial cement replacement at levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, while CR was incorporated at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume of fine aggregate. Concrete specimens were evaluated for workability, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. Durability performance was assessed under acid attack, chloride penetration, and elevated temperature conditions. Non-destructive tests such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer were conducted to determine structural integrity. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate matrix densification, pore refinement, and hydration behavior. The results demonstrated that the addition of MT nanoclay significantly enhanced the mechanical performance and durability of rubberized concrete. SEM analysis revealed improved interfacial bonding and increased calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel formation, contributing to reduced porosity and better internal structure. Enhanced non-destructive test values further confirmed the improved quality of the concrete matrix. Overall, the use of MT nanoclay proved effective in offsetting the drawbacks of rubber incorporation, offering a viable and sustainable solution for producing high-performance concrete suitable for environmentally conscious construction applications.