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<p>The study investigated the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils (EOs) from fermented (FEO) and non-fermented (NFEO) juniper berry cones (<i>Juniperus communis L.</i>). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified 47 compounds in FEO and 27 in NFEO, with α-pinene and β-myrcene as the major components. Fermentation enhanced the EO's complexity by releasing additional compounds. Both FEO and NFEO exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity (IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 75 to 500 μL/L) due to membrane permeabilization and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The oils also inhibited bacterial <i>quorum sensing</i>, particularly AI-1-based communication, and showed antifungal activity against phytopathogens (IC<sub>50</sub> 1 μL/L in <i>Alternaria alternata</i>), alongside antiaflatoxigenic effects on <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> (at a concentration of 1 μL/g of wheat). Both EOs demonstrated antiproliferative activity (IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 625 to 5000 μL/L), with resistant cancer cell lines (doxorubicin- and paclitaxel-resistant) being more sensitive to the oils. In vivo toxicity tests using <i>Galleria mellonella</i> confirmed low toxicity for both EOs. These findings highlight the potential of juniper EO, particularly in antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer applications.</p>

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Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Fermented and Non-Fermented Juniperus communis Ripe Berry Cones: Effects on Bacteria, Fungi, and Cancer Cell Lines

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Katarína Víglaš,
  • Lukáš Žemlička,
  • Zuzana Kubová,
  • Ján Víglaš,
  • Helena Gbelcová,
  • Patrik Macášek,
  • Jitka Viktorová,
  • Lucia Bírošová,
  • Petra Olejníková

摘要

The study investigated the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils (EOs) from fermented (FEO) and non-fermented (NFEO) juniper berry cones (Juniperus communis L.). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identified 47 compounds in FEO and 27 in NFEO, with α-pinene and β-myrcene as the major components. Fermentation enhanced the EO's complexity by releasing additional compounds. Both FEO and NFEO exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity (IC50 values ranging from 75 to 500 μL/L) due to membrane permeabilization and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The oils also inhibited bacterial quorum sensing, particularly AI-1-based communication, and showed antifungal activity against phytopathogens (IC50 1 μL/L in Alternaria alternata), alongside antiaflatoxigenic effects on Aspergillus parasiticus (at a concentration of 1 μL/g of wheat). Both EOs demonstrated antiproliferative activity (IC50 ranging from 625 to 5000 μL/L), with resistant cancer cell lines (doxorubicin- and paclitaxel-resistant) being more sensitive to the oils. In vivo toxicity tests using Galleria mellonella confirmed low toxicity for both EOs. These findings highlight the potential of juniper EO, particularly in antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer applications.