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<p>Sources such as incense sticks and mosquito coils can lead to high personal exposure to sub-250&#xa0;nm particles in indoor environments. Although these particles contribute little to total particulate matter mass compared with larger size fractions, increasing evidence suggests that these particles may have greater health relevance due to their high number concentration and large specific surface area. This study evaluates FumeCAP, a passive, low-cost, near-source enclosure device designed to reduce sub-250&#xa0;nm particle emissions from common household sources, including incense sticks and mosquito coils. Experiments were conducted under control and intervention conditions. Particle number size distributions were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer. Inhalation exposure was quantified using concentration-time profiles representative of personal exposure scenarios. Aerosol dynamic modeling was applied to estimate reductions in size-resolved emission rates. Regional respiratory tract deposited doses were calculated using particle number, surface area, and mass metrics. The intervention reduced number-based inhalation exposure during 240-minute experiments by 79 ± 5% for incense sticks and 46 ± 10% for mosquito coils. Size-resolved emission rates decreased by 81 ± 21% and 62 ± 15%, respectively, with the largest reductions observed for UFPs. Estimated deposited doses in the head airways, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions were consistently reduced under intervention conditions. Overall, the results demonstrate that passive, low-cost, near-source control intervention can substantially reduce exposure to sub-250&#xa0;nm particles from indoor combustion sources without compromising their intended use.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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A Passive Near-Source Enclosure Device for Reducing Ultrafine Particle Emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Alok Kumar Thakur,
  • Rubal Dhiman,
  • Thaseem Thajudeen,
  • Sameer Patel

摘要

Sources such as incense sticks and mosquito coils can lead to high personal exposure to sub-250 nm particles in indoor environments. Although these particles contribute little to total particulate matter mass compared with larger size fractions, increasing evidence suggests that these particles may have greater health relevance due to their high number concentration and large specific surface area. This study evaluates FumeCAP, a passive, low-cost, near-source enclosure device designed to reduce sub-250 nm particle emissions from common household sources, including incense sticks and mosquito coils. Experiments were conducted under control and intervention conditions. Particle number size distributions were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer. Inhalation exposure was quantified using concentration-time profiles representative of personal exposure scenarios. Aerosol dynamic modeling was applied to estimate reductions in size-resolved emission rates. Regional respiratory tract deposited doses were calculated using particle number, surface area, and mass metrics. The intervention reduced number-based inhalation exposure during 240-minute experiments by 79 ± 5% for incense sticks and 46 ± 10% for mosquito coils. Size-resolved emission rates decreased by 81 ± 21% and 62 ± 15%, respectively, with the largest reductions observed for UFPs. Estimated deposited doses in the head airways, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions were consistently reduced under intervention conditions. Overall, the results demonstrate that passive, low-cost, near-source control intervention can substantially reduce exposure to sub-250 nm particles from indoor combustion sources without compromising their intended use.

Graphical Abstract