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<p>The impact of greenhouse gases on the environment has attracted widespread global attention. Conducting research on the low-carbon transition of railway logistics freight car is recognized as a critical step by countries globally for developing effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the carbon emission and environmental impact assessment model for the X70 railway logistics freight car is established based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The assessment boundary covers four stages: raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, operation and maintenance, and waste disposal in the upstream supply chain. The carbon emissions at each stage are quantified and analyzed for sensitivity using the Sobol sequence method. Finally, the environmental impacts associated with each stage of the X70 railway logistics freight car are evaluated using the CML-IA baseline and ReCiPe 2016 methods. The results show that the carbon emission throughout the product's entire life cycle is 52,283.18 kgCO<sub>2</sub>eq, with the raw material acquisition stage contributing the most to the product's carbon emissions. The carbon emissions at this stage are mainly attributed to cast steel and weathering steel, accounting for 60.7% and 31.8% of the total, respectively. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the carbon emission estimates can effectively reflect the actual situation. The first-order sensitivity indices of cast steel and weathering steel are calculated as 0.779 and 0.201, respectively, indicating that both materials have significant impacts on the product's carbon footprint. Both environmental impact assessment results indicate that the raw material extraction stage exerts the most significant environmental impact, while recycling activities during the waste disposal stage demonstrably mitigate environmental degradation. The research results provide a scientific basis for optimizing material selection in the upstream supply chain of railway logistics freight car, promoting low-carbon equipment design, and supporting the green transformation of the logistics industry.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Carbon Emission and Environmental Impact Analysis of Railway Logistics Freight Car Based on the Life Cycle

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Juan Hu,
  • Feng Hu,
  • Shuangshuang Tian,
  • Yingyu Wu

摘要

The impact of greenhouse gases on the environment has attracted widespread global attention. Conducting research on the low-carbon transition of railway logistics freight car is recognized as a critical step by countries globally for developing effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the carbon emission and environmental impact assessment model for the X70 railway logistics freight car is established based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The assessment boundary covers four stages: raw material acquisition, product manufacturing, operation and maintenance, and waste disposal in the upstream supply chain. The carbon emissions at each stage are quantified and analyzed for sensitivity using the Sobol sequence method. Finally, the environmental impacts associated with each stage of the X70 railway logistics freight car are evaluated using the CML-IA baseline and ReCiPe 2016 methods. The results show that the carbon emission throughout the product's entire life cycle is 52,283.18 kgCO2eq, with the raw material acquisition stage contributing the most to the product's carbon emissions. The carbon emissions at this stage are mainly attributed to cast steel and weathering steel, accounting for 60.7% and 31.8% of the total, respectively. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the carbon emission estimates can effectively reflect the actual situation. The first-order sensitivity indices of cast steel and weathering steel are calculated as 0.779 and 0.201, respectively, indicating that both materials have significant impacts on the product's carbon footprint. Both environmental impact assessment results indicate that the raw material extraction stage exerts the most significant environmental impact, while recycling activities during the waste disposal stage demonstrably mitigate environmental degradation. The research results provide a scientific basis for optimizing material selection in the upstream supply chain of railway logistics freight car, promoting low-carbon equipment design, and supporting the green transformation of the logistics industry.

Graphical abstract