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<p>Hydrogen does not emit environmental pollutants during various utilization processes and so is expected to serve as the primary energy carrier in future clean energy systems. Hydrogen gas sensors are required to monitor for leakages in such systems because of the high explosive potential of this gas, which is also colorless and odorless. The present work proposes a novel optical hydrogen sensor that does not require electrical energization or heating. This device utilizes a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) on a silicon substrate as the sensing platform. A section of the core is exposed on the surface of the PLC and a platinum loaded tungsten oxide film is immobilized on this section using a sol-gel method to form a hydrogen-sensitive cladding. Three different film application techniques were assessed and the sensing performance of the resulting devices was compared through repeated hydrogen exposure trials. The sensor response was significantly affected by the thickness and surface area of the film, and the device fabricated using a spray technique showed the highest sensitivity and stability. This sensor exhibited a 90% reduction in light propagation within approximately 110&#xa0;s after exposure to 4 vol% H<sub>2</sub> in N<sub>2</sub>. This response was relatively consistent over 30 repeated exposures. A detection limit for hydrogen in air on the order of 0.5 vol% was determined for this unit. The PLC-based optical hydrogen sensor demonstrated herein shows promise as a means of ensuring the safety of hydrogen infrastructures.</p>

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Hydrogen gas sensor using planar lightwave circuit

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Erika Ishii,
  • Keonhoe Kim,
  • Atsushi Iwabuchi,
  • Shinji Okazaki,
  • Yoshiaki Nishijima,
  • Taro Arakawa,
  • Takumi Usukura,
  • Naoki Sato,
  • Noritaka Matsubara,
  • Ikuo Ota

摘要

Hydrogen does not emit environmental pollutants during various utilization processes and so is expected to serve as the primary energy carrier in future clean energy systems. Hydrogen gas sensors are required to monitor for leakages in such systems because of the high explosive potential of this gas, which is also colorless and odorless. The present work proposes a novel optical hydrogen sensor that does not require electrical energization or heating. This device utilizes a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) on a silicon substrate as the sensing platform. A section of the core is exposed on the surface of the PLC and a platinum loaded tungsten oxide film is immobilized on this section using a sol-gel method to form a hydrogen-sensitive cladding. Three different film application techniques were assessed and the sensing performance of the resulting devices was compared through repeated hydrogen exposure trials. The sensor response was significantly affected by the thickness and surface area of the film, and the device fabricated using a spray technique showed the highest sensitivity and stability. This sensor exhibited a 90% reduction in light propagation within approximately 110 s after exposure to 4 vol% H2 in N2. This response was relatively consistent over 30 repeated exposures. A detection limit for hydrogen in air on the order of 0.5 vol% was determined for this unit. The PLC-based optical hydrogen sensor demonstrated herein shows promise as a means of ensuring the safety of hydrogen infrastructures.