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<p> Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a renowned approach that maintains agricultural agroecosystem's sustainability and soil quality, especially under intensified rice-wheat cropping system. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of organic amendments and nitrogen (N) application on soil quality by evaluating soil physical, chemical and biological properties in relation to soil quality index (SQI) and crop yield. To address this, a field study was initiated from 2017–2021, for four years with four main treatments as organic manures <i>viz</i>. (1) Poultry manure (PM) @ 6.25 t ha<sup>− 1</sup>, (2) Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 15 t ha<sup>− 1</sup>, (3) Green manure (GM) 3.5 to 4.1 t ha<sup>− 1</sup> @ and (4) No manure (NA). Whereas, sub-plots were assigned as 0, 50, 75 and 100% recommended dose of N. Results revealed that organic amendments (GM, FYM and PM) significantly increased physical properties <i>viz</i>. porosity by 6.5–9.4%, hydraulic conductivity by 18.6–40%, infiltration rate by 27.5–41.3% and available water content by 8.8–16.6%, respectively than NA. Nonetheless, chemical properties under organic amendments <i>viz</i>. soil organic carbon, water soluble carbon, cation exchange capacity, available-phosphorous, available-potassium contents were increased by 10.1–12%, 11.6–19.4%, 16.7–36%, 15.4–36% and 8.8–15%, respectively relative to NA. Similarly, organic amendments also resulted in significantly higher biological properties <i>viz.</i> dehydrogenase, alkaline-phosphatase, laccase, microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration and fungal biomass by 19.8–38%, 15.2–42%, 26.9–57.6%, 19.3–43%, 19.5–36% and 1.38–2.5% as compared to NA. However, among fertilizer-N application, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were significantly enhanced under N<sub>100</sub> and N<sub>75</sub> dose of N application as compared to N<sub>0</sub>. Wheat grain yield was significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher with the incorporation of GM, PM and FYM by 16.8, 24.7 and 20.8% as compared to NA. Whereas, there was 26% increase in yield by the application of N<sub>100</sub> than N<sub>0</sub>. Soil infiltration rate, organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon with the contribution of 75.6, 13.2 and 11.1%, respectively were found as sensitive soil quality indicators in the rice-wheat system using principal component analysis. Therefore,these findings highlights that combining organic amendments with inorganic fertilizer is a highly important soil management strategy for enhancing soil quality and sustaining wheat yield in the rice-wheat system.</p>

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Integrated effect of organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers on crop productivity and drivers of soil quality under rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Rajni,
  • Nihar Gupta,
  • Sandeep Sharma,
  • K. S. Saini

摘要

Integrated nutrient management (INM) is a renowned approach that maintains agricultural agroecosystem's sustainability and soil quality, especially under intensified rice-wheat cropping system. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of organic amendments and nitrogen (N) application on soil quality by evaluating soil physical, chemical and biological properties in relation to soil quality index (SQI) and crop yield. To address this, a field study was initiated from 2017–2021, for four years with four main treatments as organic manures viz. (1) Poultry manure (PM) @ 6.25 t ha− 1, (2) Farmyard manure (FYM) @ 15 t ha− 1, (3) Green manure (GM) 3.5 to 4.1 t ha− 1 @ and (4) No manure (NA). Whereas, sub-plots were assigned as 0, 50, 75 and 100% recommended dose of N. Results revealed that organic amendments (GM, FYM and PM) significantly increased physical properties viz. porosity by 6.5–9.4%, hydraulic conductivity by 18.6–40%, infiltration rate by 27.5–41.3% and available water content by 8.8–16.6%, respectively than NA. Nonetheless, chemical properties under organic amendments viz. soil organic carbon, water soluble carbon, cation exchange capacity, available-phosphorous, available-potassium contents were increased by 10.1–12%, 11.6–19.4%, 16.7–36%, 15.4–36% and 8.8–15%, respectively relative to NA. Similarly, organic amendments also resulted in significantly higher biological properties viz. dehydrogenase, alkaline-phosphatase, laccase, microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration and fungal biomass by 19.8–38%, 15.2–42%, 26.9–57.6%, 19.3–43%, 19.5–36% and 1.38–2.5% as compared to NA. However, among fertilizer-N application, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were significantly enhanced under N100 and N75 dose of N application as compared to N0. Wheat grain yield was significantly (p < 0.05) higher with the incorporation of GM, PM and FYM by 16.8, 24.7 and 20.8% as compared to NA. Whereas, there was 26% increase in yield by the application of N100 than N0. Soil infiltration rate, organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon with the contribution of 75.6, 13.2 and 11.1%, respectively were found as sensitive soil quality indicators in the rice-wheat system using principal component analysis. Therefore,these findings highlights that combining organic amendments with inorganic fertilizer is a highly important soil management strategy for enhancing soil quality and sustaining wheat yield in the rice-wheat system.