<p>This comprehensive review paper compiles and analyzes the geotechnical properties of Louisiana’s diverse soils, synthesizing findings from numerous studies. Louisiana’s distinct geographical, geological, and climatic factors contribute to a complex landscape of soils, ranging from nutrient-rich alluvial floodplains to challenging coastal marshes. Through a detailed examination of soil tests from various regions in Louisiana, the study identifies key geotechnical characteristics, including high compressibility, deep erosion valleys, elevated water tables, and under-consolidated soils prevalent in the southern areas. The review also evaluates soil stabilization methods tailored to Louisiana’s unique soil types, such as the application of lime, fly ash, recycled fibers, bioplastics, polyester fibers, cementitious materials, and recycled concrete. These improvements target the enhancement of compressibility, shear strength, and overall soil performance for both cohesive and soft clay soils. Soft soils are characterized by low shear strength and high compressibility, often resulting in insufficient bearing capacity for construction, whereas cohesive soils—such as clay, silt, and peat—are defined by their fine-grained texture, high moisture content, plasticity, and the presence of interparticle cohesion, making them prone to shrinkage and expansion as moisture levels change. This paper aims to guide engineers, researchers, and policymakers by consolidating current knowledge on Louisiana soils, supporting informed decision-making for sustainable infrastructure and effective soil management.</p>