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<p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), are widely used in various&#xa0;industrial and agricultural applications. Therefore, ZnO-NPs are abundantly released into soil ecosystems, and posing a serious threat to the environment. It is still unknown the exact magnitude of toxicity associated with ZnO-NPs and their ionic form. The study examined the effects of uncoated ZnO-NPs and their ionic form on soil earthworms, which play a crucial role in soil ecology. The earthworms were exposed to various concentrations of ZnO-NPs and ZnCl<sub>2</sub> ranging from 100 to 750&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, for&#xa0;28&#xa0;days in garden soil. The assessment was performed to ascertain their influence on biomass, mortality, biochemical markers, Zinc accumulation, and histological responses. The coelomocytes of earthworms play a vital role in various biological processes.&#xa0;Therefore, their&#xa0;impact on the&#xa0;behavioural patterns of coelomocytes was also evaluated. The absorption of Zn was considerably higher in ZnO-NPs compared to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> (p &lt; 0.05), however,&#xa0;its impact on the assessed parameters was significantly lower compared to ZnCl<sub>2</sub>. In addition, the use of Zinc chloride led to a mortality rate of 47%, whereas the mortality rate associated with ZnO-NPs was 40%. Earthworms accumulate nanoparticles in their coelomocytes and tissues, resulting in a clustering phenomenon. It aids in mitigating the negative consequences of toxicity.&#xa0;This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between the environmental toxicity of ZnO-NPs and soil ecosystems.</p>

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Comparative toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and ionic zinc to earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae in Soil Matrix

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Kiran Singh,
  • Muneer Ahmad Malla,
  • Ashwani Kumar,
  • Shweta Yadav

摘要

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), are widely used in various industrial and agricultural applications. Therefore, ZnO-NPs are abundantly released into soil ecosystems, and posing a serious threat to the environment. It is still unknown the exact magnitude of toxicity associated with ZnO-NPs and their ionic form. The study examined the effects of uncoated ZnO-NPs and their ionic form on soil earthworms, which play a crucial role in soil ecology. The earthworms were exposed to various concentrations of ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 ranging from 100 to 750 mg kg−1, for 28 days in garden soil. The assessment was performed to ascertain their influence on biomass, mortality, biochemical markers, Zinc accumulation, and histological responses. The coelomocytes of earthworms play a vital role in various biological processes. Therefore, their impact on the behavioural patterns of coelomocytes was also evaluated. The absorption of Zn was considerably higher in ZnO-NPs compared to ZnCl2 (p < 0.05), however, its impact on the assessed parameters was significantly lower compared to ZnCl2. In addition, the use of Zinc chloride led to a mortality rate of 47%, whereas the mortality rate associated with ZnO-NPs was 40%. Earthworms accumulate nanoparticles in their coelomocytes and tissues, resulting in a clustering phenomenon. It aids in mitigating the negative consequences of toxicity. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between the environmental toxicity of ZnO-NPs and soil ecosystems.