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<p>Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), are emerging as promising technologies for sustainable energy production and wastewater treatment. However, their overall efficiency remains suboptimal due to fragmented progress in electrode materials and redox mediator strategies. Most existing reviews focus on either electrode engineering or mediator chemistry in isolation, without addressing their combined potential.</p><p>This review bridges that gap by providing an integrated perspective that connects anodic material innovations with strategic mediator deployment to enhance BES performance. Advances in anode materials achieved through fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, nanostructuring, and carbon nanotube coatings are explored. In parallel, redox mediators—both natural (e.g., flavins, quinones) and artificial (e.g., neutral red)—are evaluated for their contributions to extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency, focusing on redox potential, stability, and biocompatibility.</p><p>Recognizing persistent challenges like high mediator costs, stability concerns, and metabolic burdens, the review also examines emerging solutions, including dual mediator systems, amphiphilic mediators, and biodegradable options to improve sustainability and scalability. This review presents a comprehensive framework for guiding future research, closing critical gaps, and advancing BESs from proof-of-concept studies to scalable, real-world applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Anodic catalyst and mediators for tailoring the biochemical behaviour of microbial fuel cell system

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Joyeeta Bhattacharya,
  • Ambika Arkatkar

摘要

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), are emerging as promising technologies for sustainable energy production and wastewater treatment. However, their overall efficiency remains suboptimal due to fragmented progress in electrode materials and redox mediator strategies. Most existing reviews focus on either electrode engineering or mediator chemistry in isolation, without addressing their combined potential.

This review bridges that gap by providing an integrated perspective that connects anodic material innovations with strategic mediator deployment to enhance BES performance. Advances in anode materials achieved through fabrication techniques such as 3D printing, nanostructuring, and carbon nanotube coatings are explored. In parallel, redox mediators—both natural (e.g., flavins, quinones) and artificial (e.g., neutral red)—are evaluated for their contributions to extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency, focusing on redox potential, stability, and biocompatibility.

Recognizing persistent challenges like high mediator costs, stability concerns, and metabolic burdens, the review also examines emerging solutions, including dual mediator systems, amphiphilic mediators, and biodegradable options to improve sustainability and scalability. This review presents a comprehensive framework for guiding future research, closing critical gaps, and advancing BESs from proof-of-concept studies to scalable, real-world applications.

Graphical abstract