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<p>The development of eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides is crucial for sustainable plant disease management. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were extracellularly biosynthesized using culture filtrates of two <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> isolates (PDKV_SN_F3 and PDKV_SN_F5). Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, with AgNPs exhibiting surface plasmon resonance peaks at 408–414&#xa0;nm and ZnONPs showing characteristic absorption between 310 and 344&#xa0;nm. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of fungal biomolecules, including proteins and phenolic compounds, in metal ion reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. HR-TEM analysis demonstrated predominantly spherical nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 70&#xa0;nm, while DLS indicated larger hydrodynamic diameters due to biomolecular capping. The antifungal efficacy of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against <i>Rhizoctonia bataticola</i> and <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> using the poison food technique. AgNPs derived from isolate PDKV_SN_F5 achieved complete inhibition (100%) of <i>R. bataticola</i> at 50&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup> and moderate inhibition of <i>S. rolfsii</i> (58.6%). Both AgNPs and ZnONPs synthesized from isolate PDKV_SN_F3 resulted in complete inhibition (100%) of both pathogens at 100&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup>, demonstrating a clear dose-dependent response. Comparative analysis revealed isolate-dependent variation in antifungal activity, with AgNPs exhibiting greater potency at lower concentrations. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of <i>Trichoderma</i>-mediated biogenic nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly nano-fungicidal agents for the sustainable management of soilborne plant pathogens.</p>

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Characterization and fungicidal potential of mycosynthesized silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles from Trichoderma for plant disease management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Sandesh S. Bangar,
  • Hemant A. Wagh,
  • Prashant R. Shingote,
  • Anjali M. Gaharwal

摘要

The development of eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides is crucial for sustainable plant disease management. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were extracellularly biosynthesized using culture filtrates of two Trichoderma asperellum isolates (PDKV_SN_F3 and PDKV_SN_F5). Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, with AgNPs exhibiting surface plasmon resonance peaks at 408–414 nm and ZnONPs showing characteristic absorption between 310 and 344 nm. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of fungal biomolecules, including proteins and phenolic compounds, in metal ion reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. HR-TEM analysis demonstrated predominantly spherical nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 70 nm, while DLS indicated larger hydrodynamic diameters due to biomolecular capping. The antifungal efficacy of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii using the poison food technique. AgNPs derived from isolate PDKV_SN_F5 achieved complete inhibition (100%) of R. bataticola at 50 mg L−1 and moderate inhibition of S. rolfsii (58.6%). Both AgNPs and ZnONPs synthesized from isolate PDKV_SN_F3 resulted in complete inhibition (100%) of both pathogens at 100 mg L−1, demonstrating a clear dose-dependent response. Comparative analysis revealed isolate-dependent variation in antifungal activity, with AgNPs exhibiting greater potency at lower concentrations. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of Trichoderma-mediated biogenic nanoparticles as promising eco-friendly nano-fungicidal agents for the sustainable management of soilborne plant pathogens.