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<p>Seed-borne infections, especially those in the genus <i>Xanthomonas</i>, are a constant threat to global food security because they weaken crops and make it easier for diseases to spread across large distances. Among these, <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris </i>(<i>Xcc</i>) is the principal causal agent of black rot, a devastating systemic vascular disease affecting Brassica species worldwide. This review synthesizes current knowledge about <i>Xcc</i>'s biology, epidemiology, and taxonomic reclassification. It focuses on its particular virulence features, such as type III effectors and surface polysaccharides, which enable it colonize hosts through hydathodes and wounds. We evaluated diagnostic methodologies, ranging from traditional selective media extraction to high-sensitivity PCR-based detection. Furthermore, this paper includes a critical examination of integrated management options, including hot water seed treatments, the application of copper and silver nanoparticles, biological control agents, and the increasing use of bacteriophages. By consolidating these multifaceted approaches, we identify critical research gaps in genotype-specific seed treatments and sustainable biocontrol, providing a framework for strengthening resilience against seed-borne diseases in modern agrosystems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Molecular mechanics and advanced diagnostics incorporating biosecurity frameworks for mitigating Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Ashish Warghane,
  • Rashmi Saini,
  • Jigisha Thakkar,
  • Priyanka Sabhadiya,
  • Kinjal Puranik,
  • Dikshita Nawle,
  • Vijay Jagdish Upadhye,
  • Ulka Malode,
  • Pradeep Kumar Shukla

摘要

Seed-borne infections, especially those in the genus Xanthomonas, are a constant threat to global food security because they weaken crops and make it easier for diseases to spread across large distances. Among these, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the principal causal agent of black rot, a devastating systemic vascular disease affecting Brassica species worldwide. This review synthesizes current knowledge about Xcc's biology, epidemiology, and taxonomic reclassification. It focuses on its particular virulence features, such as type III effectors and surface polysaccharides, which enable it colonize hosts through hydathodes and wounds. We evaluated diagnostic methodologies, ranging from traditional selective media extraction to high-sensitivity PCR-based detection. Furthermore, this paper includes a critical examination of integrated management options, including hot water seed treatments, the application of copper and silver nanoparticles, biological control agents, and the increasing use of bacteriophages. By consolidating these multifaceted approaches, we identify critical research gaps in genotype-specific seed treatments and sustainable biocontrol, providing a framework for strengthening resilience against seed-borne diseases in modern agrosystems.

Graphical Abstract