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<p>Yellow rust, caused by <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (<i>Pst</i>), poses a major threat to wheat production in Syria, causing significant yield losses and threatening food security. This study presents the first detailed genetic analysis of <i>Pst</i> in Syria via the use of 20 SSR markers on 50 samples collected from five major wheat-growing regions between 2022 and 2023. The analysis revealed forty-nine multilocus genotypes (MLGs) that could be distinguished via only nine markers. These findings imply that the Syrian <i>Pst</i> population has a complex population structure. It includes four unique molecular groups (MGs) and reflects clonal reproduction and a significant degree of genetic diversity, suggesting that mutation and somatic recombination are the primary sources of genetic variation. The Aleppo population presented the greatest genetic diversity among all the populations investigated, likely due to the cultivation of a wide range of wheat varieties with diverse resistance genes, whereas Daraa presented the lowest genetic diversity. Population differentiation and phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable gene flow among the Aleppo, Al-Ghab, and Deer-Alzour populations while indicating relative Daraa population isolation. In particular, a unique molecular group (MG4) was detected, which might constitute the emergence of a new lineage or recent introduction from external sources. This study offers the most comprehensive molecular characterization of <i>Pst</i> in Syria to date, providing innovative insights into <i>Pst</i> development and guiding breeding programs and integrated management strategies against this rapidly evolving pathogen. The molecular framework developed here enables more effective monitoring and response strategies to address yellow rust threats across Syrian agriculture.</p>

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Genetic diversity and population structure of the wheat stripe rust; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Syria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Reham Abo Al-Kanj,
  • Ghinwa Lababidi,
  • Naim Al-Husien,
  • Aladdin Hamwieh

摘要

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), poses a major threat to wheat production in Syria, causing significant yield losses and threatening food security. This study presents the first detailed genetic analysis of Pst in Syria via the use of 20 SSR markers on 50 samples collected from five major wheat-growing regions between 2022 and 2023. The analysis revealed forty-nine multilocus genotypes (MLGs) that could be distinguished via only nine markers. These findings imply that the Syrian Pst population has a complex population structure. It includes four unique molecular groups (MGs) and reflects clonal reproduction and a significant degree of genetic diversity, suggesting that mutation and somatic recombination are the primary sources of genetic variation. The Aleppo population presented the greatest genetic diversity among all the populations investigated, likely due to the cultivation of a wide range of wheat varieties with diverse resistance genes, whereas Daraa presented the lowest genetic diversity. Population differentiation and phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable gene flow among the Aleppo, Al-Ghab, and Deer-Alzour populations while indicating relative Daraa population isolation. In particular, a unique molecular group (MG4) was detected, which might constitute the emergence of a new lineage or recent introduction from external sources. This study offers the most comprehensive molecular characterization of Pst in Syria to date, providing innovative insights into Pst development and guiding breeding programs and integrated management strategies against this rapidly evolving pathogen. The molecular framework developed here enables more effective monitoring and response strategies to address yellow rust threats across Syrian agriculture.