Systematic review using PRISMA on CRISPR based genome editing and artificial intelligence approaches to enhance ornamental crops

Genome editing (GE), has emerged as a potent method for precisely altering plant genomes. Because of its great efficiency, specificity, and versatility in crop development initiatives, the CRISPR/Cas system is the most widely used. The genetic improvement of ornamental and blooming crops is a key focus of modern plant biotechnology since aesthetic characteristics including flower color, shape, scent, and flowering period dictate both commercial and decorative value. According to recent research, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GE is increasingly being used to change ornamental plants' floral and non-floral characteristics, allowing for advancements that are not possible with traditional breeding techniques. Simultaneously, GE workflows are progressively incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), with machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques enabling guide RNA (gRNA) synthesis, off-target prediction, result forecasting, and editing efficiency improvement. Following PRISMA principles, this systematic review critically summarizes current developments in CRISPR/Cas-based GE for improving ornamental crops and assesses the growing importance of AI-driven technologies in improving accuracy and dependability. Future prospects for the synergistic integration of GE with AI to drive innovation in ornamental plant breeding are highlighted, along with important technology developments, present constraints, and research needs.