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<p>Ethylene is a pivotal phytohormone governing ripening, senescence, and stress responses, making its pathway an attractive target for next-generation crop and postharvest tools. This review examines how de novo protein design can reprogram ethylene biosynthesis via three emerging modalities: (i) synthetic regulators of ACC oxidase (ACO), (ii) ACC-binding or sequestration proteins that modulate precursor availability, and (iii) genetically encoded or surface-deployable biosensors for real-time readouts. We summarize computational advances enabling programmable binders, switches, and enzyme-like functions, and situate these tools alongside established practices (chemical inhibitors, gene silencing/editing, controlled atmospheres), emphasizing tunability, orthogonality, and plant-system compatibility. Implementation routes span transgenic expression, transient vectors, and non-GMO protein formulations suited to postharvest use and precision agriculture. Near-term commercial relevance is strongest in postharvest management and floriculture, where modest, reversible shifts in ethylene flux can extend quality windows and reduce waste. Remaining technical challenges include scalable, cost-effective biomanufacturing; shelf-stable formulations and practical delivery (sprays, sachets, coatings); demonstrated stability and activity in planta and on commodity surfaces; exposure-realistic ecotoxicology tailored to protein actives; and early alignment with biopesticide/EU-1107 regulatory frameworks. Addressing these gaps will translate promising designs into deployable, regulator-ready tools for sustainable production and supply chains.</p>

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Synthetic protein strategies for modulating ethylene pathways in crops and postharvest systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye,
  • Miapeh Kous Gonlepa,
  • Chidinmma Grace Ofuonye,
  • Tolulope Bolanle Osotuyi

摘要

Ethylene is a pivotal phytohormone governing ripening, senescence, and stress responses, making its pathway an attractive target for next-generation crop and postharvest tools. This review examines how de novo protein design can reprogram ethylene biosynthesis via three emerging modalities: (i) synthetic regulators of ACC oxidase (ACO), (ii) ACC-binding or sequestration proteins that modulate precursor availability, and (iii) genetically encoded or surface-deployable biosensors for real-time readouts. We summarize computational advances enabling programmable binders, switches, and enzyme-like functions, and situate these tools alongside established practices (chemical inhibitors, gene silencing/editing, controlled atmospheres), emphasizing tunability, orthogonality, and plant-system compatibility. Implementation routes span transgenic expression, transient vectors, and non-GMO protein formulations suited to postharvest use and precision agriculture. Near-term commercial relevance is strongest in postharvest management and floriculture, where modest, reversible shifts in ethylene flux can extend quality windows and reduce waste. Remaining technical challenges include scalable, cost-effective biomanufacturing; shelf-stable formulations and practical delivery (sprays, sachets, coatings); demonstrated stability and activity in planta and on commodity surfaces; exposure-realistic ecotoxicology tailored to protein actives; and early alignment with biopesticide/EU-1107 regulatory frameworks. Addressing these gaps will translate promising designs into deployable, regulator-ready tools for sustainable production and supply chains.