<p>Climate change has caused drastic shifts in weather patterns, leading to reduced crop vigor and yield. These negative impacts are largely driven by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in the soil, the increased virulence and spread of plant pathogens, among other environmental stresses. As sessile organisms, plants are continually exposed to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses that can severely compromise their growth and fitness. In response, they have evolved complex and highly regulated stress-responsive mechanisms. Among these, plant-derived small peptides have emerged as key physiological regulators with growing potential as sustainable agrochemicals. Numerous studies have underscored the pivotal roles of these peptides in modulating plant responses to stress. Therefore, this review focuses on the contribution of plant small peptides to climate change adaptation, emphasizing their roles in regulating stress responses. Additionally, it highlights their involvement in enhancing plant immunity, facilitating environmental remediation and revegetation, and influencing the composition and function of the plant-associated microbiome. Lastly, limitations of their practical applications are discussed, and future research perspectives are presented.</p>