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<p>The present study examined the differential abundance and stability of bioactive flavonoids in various tissues of the medicinally important rare tree <i>Oroxylum indicum</i>. LC-HR-MS/MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of the old root, old leaves, and young leaves revealed distinct metabolite profiles, with genistein and isorhamnetin dominating in the old leaves, whereas hyperoside and baicalein-7-<i>O</i>-glucuronide were elevated in roots. Metabolite stability of young and old, fresh and stored roots, and leaves was also variable, with old root extracts displaying better retention of metabolite levels upon storage. Molecular docking of 59 specialized flavonoids with human inflammatory enzymes identified oroxin A as a significant anti-inflammatory metabolite that is abundant in old roots. The xanthine oxidase inhibition assay confirmed high anti-inflammatory activity in root methanolic extracts, with 81% inhibition, although storage of extracts reduced inhibitory activity, prominently in leaves. Cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 cells demonstrated higher cell toxicity by root extracts than by leaf extracts, which decreased upon storage. We conclude that <i>O. indicum</i> tissues have diverse bioactive metabolites with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential and are better preserved in old root extracts.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Investigating the abundance, stability and activity of specialized metabolites in the roots vs leaves of a medicinal tree Oroxylum indicum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Supriya K. Acharya,
  • Natasha S. Kelkar,
  • Advait Agashe,
  • Sagar S. Datir,
  • Charvi Mahuli,
  • Yashwant Kumar,
  • Vaijayanti A. Tamhane

摘要

The present study examined the differential abundance and stability of bioactive flavonoids in various tissues of the medicinally important rare tree Oroxylum indicum. LC-HR-MS/MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of the old root, old leaves, and young leaves revealed distinct metabolite profiles, with genistein and isorhamnetin dominating in the old leaves, whereas hyperoside and baicalein-7-O-glucuronide were elevated in roots. Metabolite stability of young and old, fresh and stored roots, and leaves was also variable, with old root extracts displaying better retention of metabolite levels upon storage. Molecular docking of 59 specialized flavonoids with human inflammatory enzymes identified oroxin A as a significant anti-inflammatory metabolite that is abundant in old roots. The xanthine oxidase inhibition assay confirmed high anti-inflammatory activity in root methanolic extracts, with 81% inhibition, although storage of extracts reduced inhibitory activity, prominently in leaves. Cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 cells demonstrated higher cell toxicity by root extracts than by leaf extracts, which decreased upon storage. We conclude that O. indicum tissues have diverse bioactive metabolites with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential and are better preserved in old root extracts.

Graphical abstract