Pharmacological insights into Curcuma caesia Roxb., the black turmeric: a review of bioactive compounds and medicinal applications

Medicinal plants are well-known for their bioactive compounds, with various parts possessing distinct medicinal properties. One such medicinal plant is Curcuma caesia Roxb., commonly known as Black turmeric, and is popular among ethnic groups in Nepal and India because of its diverse medicinal values. Researchers are exploring this hidden talent and have identified components such as camphor, 1, 8 Cineole, ar-curcumene, β-elemene, borneol, bornyl acetate, and α-terpineol as major phytochemicals. The rhizomes and leaves of this plant have demonstrated antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to their bioactive phytochemicals. C. caesia, with its unique properties, can emerge as a potential alternative to various synthetic drugs used in wound treatment, cancer therapy, bacterial infections, and immune system enhancement. This study aims to shed light on the recognition of this valuable plant, which is still hidden in the soils of Nepal and India. This article compiles various research findings on the medicinal properties of the phytochemicals found in C. caesia. It explores the potential applications of this plant using advanced technologies leading to economic growth within the field of medicine.