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<p>This study examines the phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of bee propolis collected from Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria. Propolis is a natural resinous material produced by honeybees from plant resins, tree buds, and other botanical sources. This research aims to analyze the phenolic constituents present in the Saki propolis sample and evaluate its antioxidant potential. The propolis sample was defatted with n-hexane and extracted using ethyl acetate and 90% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using the AlCl₃ colorimetric assay. Chemical constituents were identified and quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). The ethyl acetate extract showed higher TPC (277.58 ± 7.30&#xa0;mg GAE/g) and TFC (106.65 QCE mg/mL) than the ethanolic extract, which recorded TPC (269.083&#xa0;mg GAE/g) and TFC (81.4 QCE mg/mL). FRAP results indicated strong antioxidant capacity, with values of 127.81 mmol Trolox equivalent/g dry extract for the ethanolic extract and 120.35 mmol Trolox/equivalents/g dry extract for the ethyl acetate extract. Chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and tannic acid were detected in both extracts in low quantities, alongside an unidentified major constituent. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated stronger DPPH scavenging activity, recording almost 40% inhibition at 31.25&#xa0;mg/mL and &gt; 80% at 500&#xa0;mg/mL, compared with less than 17% and approximately 50% for the ethanolic extract at the same concentrations. The study establishes a strong relationship between the phenolic composition of Saki propolis and its antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential as a natural, sustainable health-promoting product.</p>

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Phenolic profiling and antioxidative activity of Oyo Nigeria propolis by HPLC-UV spectrometry and colorimetric assays

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Ifeoma S. Iyen,
  • Joseph Jeremiah,
  • Abu Michael Sunday,
  • Humphrey S. Samuel,
  • Kingsley O. Nwaogu

摘要

This study examines the phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of bee propolis collected from Saki, Oyo State, Nigeria. Propolis is a natural resinous material produced by honeybees from plant resins, tree buds, and other botanical sources. This research aims to analyze the phenolic constituents present in the Saki propolis sample and evaluate its antioxidant potential. The propolis sample was defatted with n-hexane and extracted using ethyl acetate and 90% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Total phenolic content (TPC) was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using the AlCl₃ colorimetric assay. Chemical constituents were identified and quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). The ethyl acetate extract showed higher TPC (277.58 ± 7.30 mg GAE/g) and TFC (106.65 QCE mg/mL) than the ethanolic extract, which recorded TPC (269.083 mg GAE/g) and TFC (81.4 QCE mg/mL). FRAP results indicated strong antioxidant capacity, with values of 127.81 mmol Trolox equivalent/g dry extract for the ethanolic extract and 120.35 mmol Trolox/equivalents/g dry extract for the ethyl acetate extract. Chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and tannic acid were detected in both extracts in low quantities, alongside an unidentified major constituent. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated stronger DPPH scavenging activity, recording almost 40% inhibition at 31.25 mg/mL and > 80% at 500 mg/mL, compared with less than 17% and approximately 50% for the ethanolic extract at the same concentrations. The study establishes a strong relationship between the phenolic composition of Saki propolis and its antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential as a natural, sustainable health-promoting product.