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<p>The growing demand for cleaner fuel alternatives has driven significant interest in water-in-diesel emulsions to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions, particularly in diesel-dependent regions. However, corrosion of fuel system components remains a critical barrier to water-in-diesel emulsions adoption. This study presents the novel application of ethanol extract of <i>Piper guineense</i> leaves as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in water-in-diesel emulsion environments while also addressing the stability of water-in-diesel emulsion with varying water content, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, surfactant dosage and mixing time. The anti-corrosion performance was evaluated by immersing mild steel specimens in a water-in-diesel emulsion containing <i>Piper guineense</i> extract at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5&#xa0;g/L, with weight loss measurements conducted over 672&#xa0;h. The <i>Piper guineense</i> extract demonstrated a maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.47% at 1.0&#xa0;g/L, significantly reducing the corrosion rate from 0.0140 to 0.0008&#xa0;mm/year. Stability evaluation revealed that the maximum emulsion performance was achieved with water-in-diesel emulsion formulated with 20% water content and a 5% surfactant dosage at a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of 9, maintaining stability for 8&#xa0;h without visible phase separation. Surface characterization using Atomic Force Microscopy revealed a 23% reduction in apparent surface roughness and a 28% decrease in overall surface roughness for treated specimens. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis identified the adsorption of <i>Piper guineense</i> extract bioactive compounds on the steel surface, forming a protective barrier. These findings highlight the potential of <i>Piper guineense</i> extract as a sustainable additive that enhances material protection while supporting the operational viability of water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.</p>

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Anti-corrosion effect of ethanol extract from Piper guineense leaves on mild steel in water-in-diesel emulsion

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Chukwuemeka Fortunatus Nnadozie,
  • Chiamaka Prisca Onuoha,
  • Emeka Emmanuel Oguzie,
  • Enos Ihediohamma Emereibeole,
  • Kanayo Lucy Oguzie

摘要

The growing demand for cleaner fuel alternatives has driven significant interest in water-in-diesel emulsions to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions, particularly in diesel-dependent regions. However, corrosion of fuel system components remains a critical barrier to water-in-diesel emulsions adoption. This study presents the novel application of ethanol extract of Piper guineense leaves as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in water-in-diesel emulsion environments while also addressing the stability of water-in-diesel emulsion with varying water content, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, surfactant dosage and mixing time. The anti-corrosion performance was evaluated by immersing mild steel specimens in a water-in-diesel emulsion containing Piper guineense extract at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/L, with weight loss measurements conducted over 672 h. The Piper guineense extract demonstrated a maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.47% at 1.0 g/L, significantly reducing the corrosion rate from 0.0140 to 0.0008 mm/year. Stability evaluation revealed that the maximum emulsion performance was achieved with water-in-diesel emulsion formulated with 20% water content and a 5% surfactant dosage at a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of 9, maintaining stability for 8 h without visible phase separation. Surface characterization using Atomic Force Microscopy revealed a 23% reduction in apparent surface roughness and a 28% decrease in overall surface roughness for treated specimens. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis identified the adsorption of Piper guineense extract bioactive compounds on the steel surface, forming a protective barrier. These findings highlight the potential of Piper guineense extract as a sustainable additive that enhances material protection while supporting the operational viability of water-in-diesel emulsion fuels.