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Background <p>Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) contribute to hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. While rhinoviruses are considered less virulent, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shows higher virulence. Limited studies compare in-hospital outcomes of rhinovirus and RSV infections in adults, especially during the COVID-19 Omicron era. Our aim is to compare these outcomes among hospitalized adults.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated ARVI severity caused by RSV and rhinovirus in adult inpatients at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Brazil, from April 2022 to July 2023, during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron period. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission, with secondary outcomes including individual components, hospital length of stay (LOS), and days alive and out of the hospital (DAOH) over 30&#xa0;days.</p> Results <p>3,329 tests were conducted, yielding 329 positive results for either rhinovirus (n = 216) or RSV (n = 113). RSV cohort was older than the rhinovirus cohort (69.72 vs. 64.10&#xa0;years, p = 0.03). No significant differences were found between the groups in gender or comorbidity burden. In the rhinovirus cohort, 33.80% experienced the primary composite outcome, similar to the RSV cohort (37.17%, p = 0.94). Secondary outcomes were also similar, with mean DAOH at 20.20&#xa0;days for rhinovirus and 20.10&#xa0;days for RSV (p = 0.12).</p> Conclusion <p>Our study revealed high rates of adverse in-hospital outcomes among adults with rhinovirus and RSV, with over a quarter experiencing death, mechanical ventilation, or ICU admission. Notably, rhinovirus outcomes were similar to those of RSV, challenging the view of rhinovirus as a milder pathogen.</p>

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In-hospital outcomes of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections: a retrospective cohort study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月14日

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  • Emerson dos Santos Hoffmann,
  • Sérgio Renato da Rosa Decker,
  • Arthur Pille,
  • Luana Freese,
  • Tiago Finger Andreis,
  • Marcelo Kern,
  • Wagner Nedel,
  • Regis Goulart Rosa,
  • Luiz Antônio Nasi

摘要

Background

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) contribute to hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. While rhinoviruses are considered less virulent, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shows higher virulence. Limited studies compare in-hospital outcomes of rhinovirus and RSV infections in adults, especially during the COVID-19 Omicron era. Our aim is to compare these outcomes among hospitalized adults.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated ARVI severity caused by RSV and rhinovirus in adult inpatients at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Brazil, from April 2022 to July 2023, during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron period. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission, with secondary outcomes including individual components, hospital length of stay (LOS), and days alive and out of the hospital (DAOH) over 30 days.

Results

3,329 tests were conducted, yielding 329 positive results for either rhinovirus (n = 216) or RSV (n = 113). RSV cohort was older than the rhinovirus cohort (69.72 vs. 64.10 years, p = 0.03). No significant differences were found between the groups in gender or comorbidity burden. In the rhinovirus cohort, 33.80% experienced the primary composite outcome, similar to the RSV cohort (37.17%, p = 0.94). Secondary outcomes were also similar, with mean DAOH at 20.20 days for rhinovirus and 20.10 days for RSV (p = 0.12).

Conclusion

Our study revealed high rates of adverse in-hospital outcomes among adults with rhinovirus and RSV, with over a quarter experiencing death, mechanical ventilation, or ICU admission. Notably, rhinovirus outcomes were similar to those of RSV, challenging the view of rhinovirus as a milder pathogen.