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<p>Immunotherapy has enabled innovative and revolutionary developments in the past, present, and future in treating immune system diseases, especially cancer. The approval of mRNA-based vaccines resulting from SARS-CoV-2 amid the pandemic has revealed the promising potential of RNA technology in modern medicine and molecular biology. With the discovery of microRNA receiving the Nobel Prize in 2024, it was once again understood how important RNA’s complex and diverse structure is for biological science. Its proven safety and flexibility, and its rapid, adaptable manufacturing process point to an exciting future for RNA therapeutics, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. These innovative successes, along with the ever-expanding trials of RNA-based drugs, vaccines, and cellular therapies, suggest that RNA-based therapies may become part of routine clinical practice soon. This new and promising treatment modality could significantly advance personalized medicine and offer solutions tailored to individual patients’ specific cancer profiles and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we examine RNA-based immunotherapies which developed and are used today, highlighting ongoing clinical applications and the challenges and common problems encountered in making these innovations more widely available. As RNA therapeutics move toward the clinic, they promise more targeted and effective cancer treatments that could revolutionize personalized oncology and immunotherapy soon. Thus, the most important research in RNA-based immunotherapy will be reviewed in future perspectives. In this way, a broad perspective on RNA-based immunotherapy will be provided, and many important studies will be examined together to focus on the big picture.</p>

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The RNA-based immunotherapy and future perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Begüm Rana Atalay,
  • Esra Aydemir,
  • Furkan Ayaz

摘要

Immunotherapy has enabled innovative and revolutionary developments in the past, present, and future in treating immune system diseases, especially cancer. The approval of mRNA-based vaccines resulting from SARS-CoV-2 amid the pandemic has revealed the promising potential of RNA technology in modern medicine and molecular biology. With the discovery of microRNA receiving the Nobel Prize in 2024, it was once again understood how important RNA’s complex and diverse structure is for biological science. Its proven safety and flexibility, and its rapid, adaptable manufacturing process point to an exciting future for RNA therapeutics, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. These innovative successes, along with the ever-expanding trials of RNA-based drugs, vaccines, and cellular therapies, suggest that RNA-based therapies may become part of routine clinical practice soon. This new and promising treatment modality could significantly advance personalized medicine and offer solutions tailored to individual patients’ specific cancer profiles and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we examine RNA-based immunotherapies which developed and are used today, highlighting ongoing clinical applications and the challenges and common problems encountered in making these innovations more widely available. As RNA therapeutics move toward the clinic, they promise more targeted and effective cancer treatments that could revolutionize personalized oncology and immunotherapy soon. Thus, the most important research in RNA-based immunotherapy will be reviewed in future perspectives. In this way, a broad perspective on RNA-based immunotherapy will be provided, and many important studies will be examined together to focus on the big picture.