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<p>Humans and dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>) have an ancient relationship of proximity and are jointly distributed globally. Wildlife in habitats bordering human settlements, in urban, periurban or rural settings, may suffer from the presence of free-ranging <i>C. familiaris</i>. <i>Canis familiaris</i> is known to compete with wildlife, and due to phylogenetic proximity and behavioural similarity, wild canids are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of competitive interactions and dog-borne diseases. Here, we assessed ecological aspects of the coexistence of <i>C. familiaris</i> and a species of wild canid, the crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>), in the southernmost limit of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We detected changes in the behaviour of <i>C. thous</i> in the presence of <i>C. familiaris</i>, including changes in the peak activity period and spatiotemporal segregation. <i>Cerdocyon thous</i> and <i>C. familiaris</i> co-occurred in 17.5% of the sampled sites, but never at the same time. Co-occupancy modelling showed no differential occupancy of <i>C. thous</i> in the presence or the absence of <i>C. familiaris</i>, and only <i>C. familiaris</i> tends to reduce its occupancy further away from human facilities. We conclude that the coexistence of <i>C. thous</i> and <i>C. familiaris</i> seems to be facilitated by fine-grained spatiotemporal segregation, where <i>C. thous</i> tends to avoid encounters with <i>C. familiaris</i> in sites where the two species occur. <i>Canis familiaris</i> seems to act as interference competitor in relation to <i>C. thous</i>, although the existence of other forms of competition should not be disregarded.</p>

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Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) coexist with dogs (Canis familiaris) through spatiotemporal segregation

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月5日

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  • Mateus Zimmer,
  • Flávia Pereira Tirelli,
  • Maria João Ramos Pereira

摘要

Humans and dogs (Canis familiaris) have an ancient relationship of proximity and are jointly distributed globally. Wildlife in habitats bordering human settlements, in urban, periurban or rural settings, may suffer from the presence of free-ranging C. familiaris. Canis familiaris is known to compete with wildlife, and due to phylogenetic proximity and behavioural similarity, wild canids are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of competitive interactions and dog-borne diseases. Here, we assessed ecological aspects of the coexistence of C. familiaris and a species of wild canid, the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), in the southernmost limit of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We detected changes in the behaviour of C. thous in the presence of C. familiaris, including changes in the peak activity period and spatiotemporal segregation. Cerdocyon thous and C. familiaris co-occurred in 17.5% of the sampled sites, but never at the same time. Co-occupancy modelling showed no differential occupancy of C. thous in the presence or the absence of C. familiaris, and only C. familiaris tends to reduce its occupancy further away from human facilities. We conclude that the coexistence of C. thous and C. familiaris seems to be facilitated by fine-grained spatiotemporal segregation, where C. thous tends to avoid encounters with C. familiaris in sites where the two species occur. Canis familiaris seems to act as interference competitor in relation to C. thous, although the existence of other forms of competition should not be disregarded.