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<p>Boronic acids and esters are among the most versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. However, their preparation remains largely dominated by classical solution-phase chemistry. In recent years, unconventional catalytic strategies have emerged that exploit alternative reaction environments and activation modes, enabling access to distinct reactivity patterns. The review discusses non-conventional strategies for synthesising boronic acids and esters, focusing on electrochemical, mechanochemical, microwave-assisted and unconventional media-based approaches developed between 2020 and 2025. The analysis focuses on the impact of alternative reaction environments on (catalyst) activity, selectivity and process efficiency, as compared with classical solution-phase systems. The review identifies areas in which unconventional approaches offer genuine synthetic and operational advantages, while also outlining their current limitations and future directions.</p>

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Advances in the electrochemical, mechanochemical, microwave-assisted and non-conventional media-based synthesis of boronic acids and esters

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Anna Chojnacka,
  • Szymon Rogalski,
  • Sylwia Ostrowska,
  • Cezary Pietraszuk

摘要

Boronic acids and esters are among the most versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. However, their preparation remains largely dominated by classical solution-phase chemistry. In recent years, unconventional catalytic strategies have emerged that exploit alternative reaction environments and activation modes, enabling access to distinct reactivity patterns. The review discusses non-conventional strategies for synthesising boronic acids and esters, focusing on electrochemical, mechanochemical, microwave-assisted and unconventional media-based approaches developed between 2020 and 2025. The analysis focuses on the impact of alternative reaction environments on (catalyst) activity, selectivity and process efficiency, as compared with classical solution-phase systems. The review identifies areas in which unconventional approaches offer genuine synthetic and operational advantages, while also outlining their current limitations and future directions.