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<p>Cellulase is a vital industrial enzyme; however, its commercial production remains costly and dependent on imports, which limits accessibility and hinders meeting global demand. Therefore, identifying affordable, locally available substrates is essential. Palm kernel cake (PKC), a lignocellulosic biomass by-product of palm oil extraction, presents both environmental challenges and a promising raw material for biotechnological applications. This study offers a preliminary single-factor investigation of cellulase production by Aspergillus niger through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using PKC sourced from Oforikrom, Kumasi (Ghana). PKC was moistened with basal salt medium (80% moisture), sterilized at 121&#xa0;°C for 15&#xa0;min, and inoculated with an A. niger spore suspension (1.4 × 10⁶ spores/mL). Fermentation was conducted at room temperature, with cellulase activity measured every two days over 10 days using the DNS method with carboxymethylcellulose as the substrate. The maximum activity (11.96 U/mL) occurred on day 4, representing a 155% increase from day 2 (4.68 U/mL). Enzyme activity declined afterward to 10.00 U/mL (day 6) and 8.53 U/mL (day 8), before stabilizing at 8.87 U/mL (day 10). Statistical analysis confirmed that incubation time significantly influenced enzyme production, identifying day 4 as the optimal harvest point. These results demonstrate the potential of PKC as a low-cost substrate for cellulase production and offer baseline data for sustainable bioprocess development and agricultural waste valorization.</p>

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Cellulase production by Aspergillus niger using palm kernel cake in solid state fermentation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Patricia Sam Barko,
  • Hannah Cofie,
  • Benard Danquah,
  • Joseph Asankomah Bentil,
  • Mina Ofosu

摘要

Cellulase is a vital industrial enzyme; however, its commercial production remains costly and dependent on imports, which limits accessibility and hinders meeting global demand. Therefore, identifying affordable, locally available substrates is essential. Palm kernel cake (PKC), a lignocellulosic biomass by-product of palm oil extraction, presents both environmental challenges and a promising raw material for biotechnological applications. This study offers a preliminary single-factor investigation of cellulase production by Aspergillus niger through solid-state fermentation (SSF) using PKC sourced from Oforikrom, Kumasi (Ghana). PKC was moistened with basal salt medium (80% moisture), sterilized at 121 °C for 15 min, and inoculated with an A. niger spore suspension (1.4 × 10⁶ spores/mL). Fermentation was conducted at room temperature, with cellulase activity measured every two days over 10 days using the DNS method with carboxymethylcellulose as the substrate. The maximum activity (11.96 U/mL) occurred on day 4, representing a 155% increase from day 2 (4.68 U/mL). Enzyme activity declined afterward to 10.00 U/mL (day 6) and 8.53 U/mL (day 8), before stabilizing at 8.87 U/mL (day 10). Statistical analysis confirmed that incubation time significantly influenced enzyme production, identifying day 4 as the optimal harvest point. These results demonstrate the potential of PKC as a low-cost substrate for cellulase production and offer baseline data for sustainable bioprocess development and agricultural waste valorization.