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Background <p>India has a high burden of endemic HBV and HCV infections, with national seroprevalence of 0.95% for HBV and 0.32% for HCV. In Jammu and Kashmir, the prevalence of HBV and HCV is believed to be elevated much higher than the national average. The ever-increasing incidence of both HBV and HCV infections demand region-specific screening to assess the burden of disease, risk factors and plan control measures.</p> Methods <p>A cross- sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in North Kashmir, India, from September 2023-November 2024.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used for screening Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies against HCV. The risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections were analyzed statistically by using logistic regression model. The model was evaluated using AUC-ROC and F1 score.</p> Results <p>A total of 1081 and 1087 samples were analyzed for HBsAg and anti-HCV, which showed prevalence of 3.42% and 18.30%, respectively. Among the identified risk factors, intra venous drug usage (aOR = 18.4, <sub>P</sub> =0.000) represents the most common means of HCV transmission. Additionally, other risk factors like fever, patient type, age group of 20–40 years, and planned surgery showed statistically significant associations with HCV infection.</p> Conclusion <p>The study highlights the alarming burden of HBV and HCV infection in North Kashmir compared to the national prevalence. The high prevalence of HCV infection and HBV/HCV co-infection particularly among the young population, calls for urgent, region specific screening and early diagnosis to prevent further spread of viral hepatitis infection.</p>

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B and C in a cross sectional study from North Kashmir

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Shakil U. Rehman,
  • Neesa Majeed,
  • Tanveer Ahmad Mir,
  • Nazima Nazir,
  • Showkat Ahmad Lone,
  • Junaid Ahmad

摘要

Background

India has a high burden of endemic HBV and HCV infections, with national seroprevalence of 0.95% for HBV and 0.32% for HCV. In Jammu and Kashmir, the prevalence of HBV and HCV is believed to be elevated much higher than the national average. The ever-increasing incidence of both HBV and HCV infections demand region-specific screening to assess the burden of disease, risk factors and plan control measures.

Methods

A cross- sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in North Kashmir, India, from September 2023-November 2024.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used for screening Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies against HCV. The risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections were analyzed statistically by using logistic regression model. The model was evaluated using AUC-ROC and F1 score.

Results

A total of 1081 and 1087 samples were analyzed for HBsAg and anti-HCV, which showed prevalence of 3.42% and 18.30%, respectively. Among the identified risk factors, intra venous drug usage (aOR = 18.4, P =0.000) represents the most common means of HCV transmission. Additionally, other risk factors like fever, patient type, age group of 20–40 years, and planned surgery showed statistically significant associations with HCV infection.

Conclusion

The study highlights the alarming burden of HBV and HCV infection in North Kashmir compared to the national prevalence. The high prevalence of HCV infection and HBV/HCV co-infection particularly among the young population, calls for urgent, region specific screening and early diagnosis to prevent further spread of viral hepatitis infection.