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Objectives <p>This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of edentulous gap width on implant-prosthesis systems using high-fidelity finite element modeling and novel multidimensional indicators beyond conventional von Mises stress.</p> Materials and methods <p>High-resolution cone-beam CT data were used to construct high-fidelity finite element models of the mandibular first molar region with edentulous gaps of 11.3–20.3&#xa0;mm. Implants and prostheses were assigned physiologic material properties, including a nonlinear Ogden periodontal ligament (PDL). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) constraints were simulated, and 450&#xa0;N occlusal loads were applied axially, obliquely, and horizontally at five functional points. Thirty experimental conditions were analyzed, with von Mises stress, total displacement, and peak system stress calculated, and correlations with gap width evaluated via Spearman’s rank analysis.</p> Results <p>Increasing edentulous gap width significantly elevated all biomechanical indicators. Total system displacement rose from + 29.3% to + 93.8%, peak system stress from + 488% to + 919%, implant von Mises stress from + 138% to + 224%, and cortical bone von Mises stress from + 110% to + 237%. Gradient models demonstrated stepwise deterioration with widening gaps, and Spearman analysis confirmed strong positive correlations with gap width (ρ = 0.964–1.000, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Edentulous gap width markedly affects the biomechanics of implant-prosthesis systems. Wider gaps increase displacement and stress at the implant neck and functional cusps, underscoring the biomechanical significance of gap width in implant design and occlusal load management.</p> Clinical relevance <p>Gap width is a critical determinant of stress distribution and displacement in implant-prosthesis systems. Integrating gap assessment into treatment planning can enhance long-term implant success.</p>

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Edentulous gap width modulates stress distribution and displacement in implant supported restorations based on finite element analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Yiming Li,
  • Boyu Huang,
  • Zhixin Liu,
  • Yiqing Yang

摘要

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effects of edentulous gap width on implant-prosthesis systems using high-fidelity finite element modeling and novel multidimensional indicators beyond conventional von Mises stress.

Materials and methods

High-resolution cone-beam CT data were used to construct high-fidelity finite element models of the mandibular first molar region with edentulous gaps of 11.3–20.3 mm. Implants and prostheses were assigned physiologic material properties, including a nonlinear Ogden periodontal ligament (PDL). Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) constraints were simulated, and 450 N occlusal loads were applied axially, obliquely, and horizontally at five functional points. Thirty experimental conditions were analyzed, with von Mises stress, total displacement, and peak system stress calculated, and correlations with gap width evaluated via Spearman’s rank analysis.

Results

Increasing edentulous gap width significantly elevated all biomechanical indicators. Total system displacement rose from + 29.3% to + 93.8%, peak system stress from + 488% to + 919%, implant von Mises stress from + 138% to + 224%, and cortical bone von Mises stress from + 110% to + 237%. Gradient models demonstrated stepwise deterioration with widening gaps, and Spearman analysis confirmed strong positive correlations with gap width (ρ = 0.964–1.000, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Edentulous gap width markedly affects the biomechanics of implant-prosthesis systems. Wider gaps increase displacement and stress at the implant neck and functional cusps, underscoring the biomechanical significance of gap width in implant design and occlusal load management.

Clinical relevance

Gap width is a critical determinant of stress distribution and displacement in implant-prosthesis systems. Integrating gap assessment into treatment planning can enhance long-term implant success.