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Background <p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is most prevalent among women of reproductive age and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations and demographic variability. This five-year review examined the demographics, clinical characteristics, PCOS phenotypes, and factors associated with anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with PCOS at a Fertility Center in Accra.</p> Methodology <p>The study employed a hospital-based retrospective analysis involving women with PCOS at Lister Hospital and Fertility Center, with data extracted from January 2019 to December 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic, biochemical, and clinical parameters. The Rotterdam Criteria were used to classify clinically relevant PCOS phenotypes. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of AMH levels.</p> Results <p>A total of 242 PCOS patients’ records were reviewed. The median age was 31 years. Approximately, 14.9% had diabetes mellitus, 82.6% were overweight/obese, and 48.3% experienced amenorrhea. All participants (100%) had elevated AMH levels, with 29.4% exhibiting elevated luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, and 20.8% had hyperprolactinaemia. 85.5%, (<i>n</i> = 207) had “elevated AMH + oligo-anovulation” phenotype. 7.4% (<i>n</i> = 18) exhibited “elevated AMH + hirsutism” phenotype, while 7.0% (<i>n</i> = 17) had the classic phenotype (oligo-anovulation + hirsutism + elevated AMH). BMI was positively correlated with AMH (<i>r</i> = 0.65, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with each kg/m² change in BMI resulting in a 0.73 ng/ml increase in AMH levels.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study provided insight into the demographic, clinical, and hormonal characteristics of women with PCOS, highlighting weight management as a mitigating strategy for hyperactive ovarian disease and the need for personalized management strategies to prevent long-term complications.</p>

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Demographics, clinical characteristics, polycystic ovarian syndrome phenotypes, and factors associated with anti-mullerian hormone levels among women with PCOS at a Fertility Center in Ghana: a 5-year retrospective study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Sylvester Yao Lokpo,
  • Moses Kwadzo Gawonyah,
  • Kenneth Ablordey,
  • Samuel Ametepe,
  • Esther Ngozi Adejumo,
  • Michael Appiah,
  • Codney Aba Kabutey,
  • Ros Pobee,
  • Edem Kojo Hiadzi,
  • Godsway Edem Kpene,
  • Paulina Ewusi,
  • Christian Obirikorang,
  • James Osei-Yeboah

摘要

Background

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is most prevalent among women of reproductive age and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations and demographic variability. This five-year review examined the demographics, clinical characteristics, PCOS phenotypes, and factors associated with anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in women with PCOS at a Fertility Center in Accra.

Methodology

The study employed a hospital-based retrospective analysis involving women with PCOS at Lister Hospital and Fertility Center, with data extracted from January 2019 to December 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic, biochemical, and clinical parameters. The Rotterdam Criteria were used to classify clinically relevant PCOS phenotypes. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of AMH levels.

Results

A total of 242 PCOS patients’ records were reviewed. The median age was 31 years. Approximately, 14.9% had diabetes mellitus, 82.6% were overweight/obese, and 48.3% experienced amenorrhea. All participants (100%) had elevated AMH levels, with 29.4% exhibiting elevated luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, and 20.8% had hyperprolactinaemia. 85.5%, (n = 207) had “elevated AMH + oligo-anovulation” phenotype. 7.4% (n = 18) exhibited “elevated AMH + hirsutism” phenotype, while 7.0% (n = 17) had the classic phenotype (oligo-anovulation + hirsutism + elevated AMH). BMI was positively correlated with AMH (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), with each kg/m² change in BMI resulting in a 0.73 ng/ml increase in AMH levels.

Conclusion

Our study provided insight into the demographic, clinical, and hormonal characteristics of women with PCOS, highlighting weight management as a mitigating strategy for hyperactive ovarian disease and the need for personalized management strategies to prevent long-term complications.