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<p>Influenza, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to global respiratory illness, causing seasonal epidemics and, in the case of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic. Influenza has historically been well-studied, with subtypes A, B, and C causing recurrent outbreaks, while RSV, though often underappreciated, significantly impacts vulnerable populations like infants and the elderly. Compared to influenza and RSV, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a broader host range, higher transmissibility, and greater potential for severe systemic complications. This review examines the biology, mechanism of transmission, and epidemiology of these viruses, highlighting features such as antigenic variation in influenza, the zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2, and RSV’s seasonal nature. It also explores how COVID-19 public health measures, like social distancing and mask-wearing, affected the spread of influenza and RSV, leading to altered seasonal patterns and the potential for viral co-infections. The review stresses the importance of continued research on these viruses to inform public health strategies, such as antiviral development, vaccination programs, and infection control efforts. Emerging areas like mathematical modelling and molecular research offer new opportunities to predict outbreaks and improve disease management, ultimately reducing the global burden of these respiratory viruses.</p>

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A comparative review on the epidemiology of influenza, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial viruses

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Bukhari Isah Shuaibu,
  • Amina Momodu,
  • Musa Abidemi Muhibi,
  • Usman Aliyu Dutsinma,
  • Isah Sadiq Yelwa

摘要

Influenza, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to global respiratory illness, causing seasonal epidemics and, in the case of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic. Influenza has historically been well-studied, with subtypes A, B, and C causing recurrent outbreaks, while RSV, though often underappreciated, significantly impacts vulnerable populations like infants and the elderly. Compared to influenza and RSV, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a broader host range, higher transmissibility, and greater potential for severe systemic complications. This review examines the biology, mechanism of transmission, and epidemiology of these viruses, highlighting features such as antigenic variation in influenza, the zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2, and RSV’s seasonal nature. It also explores how COVID-19 public health measures, like social distancing and mask-wearing, affected the spread of influenza and RSV, leading to altered seasonal patterns and the potential for viral co-infections. The review stresses the importance of continued research on these viruses to inform public health strategies, such as antiviral development, vaccination programs, and infection control efforts. Emerging areas like mathematical modelling and molecular research offer new opportunities to predict outbreaks and improve disease management, ultimately reducing the global burden of these respiratory viruses.