<p>The advent of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 has redefined global development priorities, emphasizing the intertwined objectives of eradicating poverty, ensuring health, and promoting environmental sustainability. This review critically examines the role of radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine in advancing these goals, particularly SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). Radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine provide unparalleled precision in diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders, thus enhancing global health outcomes and reducing healthcare disparities. Despite their transformative potential, integrating these technologies into global health systems faces significant challenges. Key among these are issues of accessibility and affordability, especially in low- and middle-income countries and environmental sustainability concerns related to the production and disposal of radioactive materials. Addressing these challenges is imperative to align with SDG 12 and SDG 13. Future directions for the field must prioritize innovation, sustainability, and international collaboration. This includes the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, adopting environmentally friendly synthesis methods, and harmonising regulatory frameworks to facilitate global accessibility. Strengthening global partnerships and enhancing capacity building through targeted educational initiatives are essential to bridge the gap between high-income and low-income regions. In conclusion, radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine are poised to be critical components in achieving the UN' SDGs. These technologies can significantly impact global health, foster socio-economic growth, and contribute to a sustainable and equitable future through concerted efforts in innovation, sustainable practices, and international cooperation.</p>