Objectives <p>This review of the literature presents a systematic and integrated approach for the diagnosis of different non-carious lesions. An updated knowledge of different preventive as well as recent treatment protocols aims to provide clear recommendations on the most suitable treatment plan to reach a favorable prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and well-customized treatment plan should be carried out based on the lesion’s etiology and severity which should be evaluated by tooth wear index. The preventive strategies play an important role in modifying the patients̓ life style to preserve the remaining tooth structure from further loss as well as improve the prognosis of different treatment strategies. The majority of such cases can be successfully treated with different conservative protocols such as remineralization and desensitization techniques. Where recent treatment modalities are introduced in the market with variable degrees of efficacy. Moreover, different restorative treatments are strongly recommended in the treatment of non-carious lesions if the lesion isn’t shallow or deeply involving the dentin subsurface. Despite advances, controversy still exists concerning the most durable restoration in the treatment of NCLs.</p>