A comprehensive insight of complex interplay of microbiota in pulmonary diseases

The human body harbors a diverse microbiota across various anatomical sites, including the lungs, which play a crucial role in maintaining respiratory health and influencing disease outcomes. This review synthesizes current research on the lung microbiota's impact on pulmonary diseases, emphasizing its interactions with microbiota from other body regions, such as the gut and oral cavity. Emerging evidence suggests that lung microbiota dysbiosis is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, pneumonia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The review highlights the significance of understanding these microbial interactions to advance diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases. By elucidating the mechanisms through which microbiota influence lung health, this review underscores the potential of microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics in revolutionizing the management of pulmonary diseases, paving the way for personalized medicine and innovative treatment approaches.