Stroke risks in patients with COVID-19: multiple mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, impact of sex and age, vaccination, and long-term infection

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system, encompassing a spectrum of clinical presentations from asymptomatic cases to severe manifestations such as acute respiratory distress and multi-organ failure. A particular focus has emerged on the notable increase in ischemic strokes affecting both adults and pediatric populations. The virus's impact on the cardiovascular, hematologic, and immunologic systems contributes to the occurrence of ischemic cardiovascular events. Notably, individuals with COVID-19 have a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing strokes compared to those without the virus. This article explores the correlation between COVID-19 and strokes, underscoring the importance of understanding risk factors, multiple mechanisms, effects on pediatric populations, vaccination implications, and long-term consequences. The overarching goal is to enhance our understanding of how to mitigate stroke risk in COVID-19 patients, potentially leading to improved treatment options and outcomes. By discussing these aspects, we aim to provide comprehensive insights that could inform clinical practices and public health strategies.