Health-related quality of life in Indonesian hypertension outpatients in Western, Central, and Eastern Indonesia measured with the Bahasa Indonesia version of EQ-5D-5L

To report EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) index scores in Indonesian hypertensive (HT) outpatients and to determine the association between index scores and socio-demographic characteristics and clinical conditions.

Sociodemographic data was obtained through interviews, and clinical data were obtained from healthcare databases and physicians. Participants from healthcare facilities in the Western, Central, and Eastern parts of Indonesia (primary and secondary healthcare). Chi-square and forest plots were used to calculate index scores and multiple ordinal regression to investigate sociodemographic and clinical variables that significantly affect the index score.

1239 participants (Western: 358; Central: 451; and Eastern: 430), and the index score was 0.83. Participants in primary care (Western and Eastern) had the best scores, at 0.85 and 0.90 compared to those in the Central (0.83). These factors were shown to be significantly associated with lower EQ-5D index scores: (i) lived in the Central part of Indonesia, (ii) treated in a secondary care, (iii) older than 60, (iv) had only completed junior high school, (v) unemployed, (vi) three or more comorbidities, (vii) took more than one type of HT medication, (viii) ate very little or no vegetables in daily lives, and (ix) accompanied by a caregiver.

The EQ-5D index score can be used in health and economic assessment. According to index scores by participants in Central Indonesia, it would be beneficial to investigate and carry out more appropriate intervention strategies together with health promotion campaigns focused on healthy living. Overall, participants were more likely to report problems in the pain dimension.