Immune thrombocytopenia: a review of pathogenesis and current treatment

ITP is a disease caused by the immune system attacking platelets, and treatment options have been one of the hot topics of research. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the complex pathogenesis of ITP, and the disease is becoming clearer, facilitating the development of new therapeutic approaches that target these pathways. The main therapeutic options for ITP have shifted from the traditional glucocorticoids, immunoglobulins, Rituximab, and TPO-RAs to an intensive study of novel agents, including splenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, plasma cell-targeted therapy, and classical Complement Pathway Inhibition. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of ITP and to review the available therapeutic options. We hope that this review will deepen clinicians' understanding of advances in ITP pathophysiology and novel drugs to optimize the clinical management of ITP.