Spatial and temporal mapping of noise levels at major traffic intersections in Varanasi, India
摘要
Noise pollution has become a serious and often ignored environmental problem in many Indian cities. This study examines the present noise conditions of Varanasi by measuring the A-weighted - Equivalent Sound Level (LAeq), Minimum Sound Level (LAmin), and Maximum Sound Level (LAmax) expressed in decibels [dB(A)] at 27 major traffic intersections across the city during morning, afternoon, and evening hours. The main purpose of the study is to understand how noise varies across space and time in the city through mapping of noise- scapes, rather than to focus on the technical causes behind it. The results show that the recorded noise levels at all intersections are much higher than the permissible limits prescribed for different urban zones. In fact, none of the selected sites remained within the limits at any time of the day. Some intersections in the commercial core of the city, such as Pandeypur, Maidagin, and Lanka, recorded the highest values, indicating constant exposure to harmful sound levels. Even the minimum sound levels in quieter areas were found above the recommended standards, suggesting that there is no real quiet period in the city. The study concludes that noise pollution in Varanasi has become widespread and continuous, and if not addressed properly, it may create serious health and social problems in the future. The findings also highlight the need for regular monitoring, strict regulation, and better public awareness to control this growing issue.