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<p>Energy poverty remains a critical challenge in Africa, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) subregion, where reliance on hydropower, fossil fuels, and limited solar photovoltaic capacity fails to meet the rapidly increasing energy demands of urban and industrial centers. This paper investigates the potential of marine renewable energy (MRE) as a sustainable approach to the GoG’s energy deficit, emphasizing the importance of transnational cooperation among the region’s coastal states. Drawing on comparative and empirical methods, the study examines successful European models of MRE development, focusing on the North Sea and Baltic Sea macro-regions, to identify lessons that can be adapted to the GoG context. The findings indicate that coordinated regional efforts to harness offshore wind, wave, tidal, and floating solar energy—when tailored to local geography and climate—can significantly enhance energy security, reduce costs, and drive the blue economy. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening subregional collaboration, fostering technology transfer, and aligning initiatives with international frameworks to accelerate the development and deployment of sustainable ocean energy in the GoG.</p>

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Achieving energy security in the Gulf of Guinea: harnessing ocean energy through regional cooperation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Sheila Kong Mukwele,
  • Erick Gankam Tambo

摘要

Energy poverty remains a critical challenge in Africa, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) subregion, where reliance on hydropower, fossil fuels, and limited solar photovoltaic capacity fails to meet the rapidly increasing energy demands of urban and industrial centers. This paper investigates the potential of marine renewable energy (MRE) as a sustainable approach to the GoG’s energy deficit, emphasizing the importance of transnational cooperation among the region’s coastal states. Drawing on comparative and empirical methods, the study examines successful European models of MRE development, focusing on the North Sea and Baltic Sea macro-regions, to identify lessons that can be adapted to the GoG context. The findings indicate that coordinated regional efforts to harness offshore wind, wave, tidal, and floating solar energy—when tailored to local geography and climate—can significantly enhance energy security, reduce costs, and drive the blue economy. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening subregional collaboration, fostering technology transfer, and aligning initiatives with international frameworks to accelerate the development and deployment of sustainable ocean energy in the GoG.