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<p>Astronomical events such as eclipses and lunar tides can induce short-lived or subtle variations in near-surface meteorological parameters. Conventional weather stations, with low temporal resolution and high costs, often fail to capture these anomalies. This study presents the design and deployment of a low-cost, IoT-based weather station network for real-time monitoring of air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure in Sri Lanka. The system, built on an ESP32 platform with DHT21 and BMP180 sensors, records data every 60&#xa0;s and transmits it to a cloud-based dashboard while maintaining local storage for redundancy. Four stations were deployed to monitor atmospheric responses during the super new moon event on 10 February 2024. Results show a consistent increase in mean daily atmospheric pressure (0.69–1.03&#xa0;hPa) compared with a control day, while no significant variations in air temperature or relative humidity were observed. These findings suggest that the low-cost IoT system can reliably detect short-term atmospheric pressure anomalies during lunar events, offering a scalable solution for scientific and educational applications in resource-limited contexts.</p>

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Development of a low-cost, IoT-based high-frequency weather monitoring system for detecting atmospheric anomalies during the 2024 super new moon in Sri Lanka

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月5日

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  • J. K. H. Madushan,
  • H. S. C. Peiris,
  • K. P. S. C. Jayaratne

摘要

Astronomical events such as eclipses and lunar tides can induce short-lived or subtle variations in near-surface meteorological parameters. Conventional weather stations, with low temporal resolution and high costs, often fail to capture these anomalies. This study presents the design and deployment of a low-cost, IoT-based weather station network for real-time monitoring of air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure in Sri Lanka. The system, built on an ESP32 platform with DHT21 and BMP180 sensors, records data every 60 s and transmits it to a cloud-based dashboard while maintaining local storage for redundancy. Four stations were deployed to monitor atmospheric responses during the super new moon event on 10 February 2024. Results show a consistent increase in mean daily atmospheric pressure (0.69–1.03 hPa) compared with a control day, while no significant variations in air temperature or relative humidity were observed. These findings suggest that the low-cost IoT system can reliably detect short-term atmospheric pressure anomalies during lunar events, offering a scalable solution for scientific and educational applications in resource-limited contexts.