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<p>Dense basalt is widely used in construction, but evaluations based on isolated properties may not adequately capture moisture sensitivity, elastic response, and brittle-strength variability. This study establishes an integrated engineering baseline for dense basalt sampled from a quarry within Harrat Rahat, approximately 45&#xa0;km south of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. ASTM-based testing was used to determine bulk density, water absorption, bulk specific gravity, compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, modulus of rupture, and compression- and shear-wave velocities under dry and 48&#xa0;h water-immersed conditions. Mean dry compressive strength was 146.76&#xa0;MPa, and the preliminary 5% Weibull fractile was 130.44&#xa0;MPa. Immersion reduced mean compressive strength by 17.7%, corresponding to a wet-to-dry ratio of 0.823. Mean dry flexural strength was 22.33&#xa0;MPa, with a wet-to-dry ratio of 0.861. The mean flexural modulus was 60.04 GPa. Mean compression- and shear-wave velocities were 4754.67 and 2519.98&#xa0;m/s, respectively, yielding a representative calculated dynamic Young’s modulus of 42.09 GPa. Density relationships are treated as descriptive, dataset-specific correlations, while ultrasonic results are interpreted as complementary indicators of elastic wave transmission. Weibull analysis indicated lower observed scatter in the dry dataset than in the immersed dataset. The tested basalt exhibited favorable short-term strength and stiffness with moderate moisture sensitivity. Its use in dimension-stone applications requires quarry- and batch-level quality control, project-specific design verification, petrographic characterization, and long-term durability testing.</p>

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Mechanical performance and reliability assessment of dense madinah basalt for construction applications

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Hassan A. Abas,
  • Hussain Alsadiq

摘要

Dense basalt is widely used in construction, but evaluations based on isolated properties may not adequately capture moisture sensitivity, elastic response, and brittle-strength variability. This study establishes an integrated engineering baseline for dense basalt sampled from a quarry within Harrat Rahat, approximately 45 km south of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. ASTM-based testing was used to determine bulk density, water absorption, bulk specific gravity, compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, modulus of rupture, and compression- and shear-wave velocities under dry and 48 h water-immersed conditions. Mean dry compressive strength was 146.76 MPa, and the preliminary 5% Weibull fractile was 130.44 MPa. Immersion reduced mean compressive strength by 17.7%, corresponding to a wet-to-dry ratio of 0.823. Mean dry flexural strength was 22.33 MPa, with a wet-to-dry ratio of 0.861. The mean flexural modulus was 60.04 GPa. Mean compression- and shear-wave velocities were 4754.67 and 2519.98 m/s, respectively, yielding a representative calculated dynamic Young’s modulus of 42.09 GPa. Density relationships are treated as descriptive, dataset-specific correlations, while ultrasonic results are interpreted as complementary indicators of elastic wave transmission. Weibull analysis indicated lower observed scatter in the dry dataset than in the immersed dataset. The tested basalt exhibited favorable short-term strength and stiffness with moderate moisture sensitivity. Its use in dimension-stone applications requires quarry- and batch-level quality control, project-specific design verification, petrographic characterization, and long-term durability testing.